Earth Science and DRRR Flashcards
The region around a star where conditions are just right for liquid water to exist on a planet’s surface.
Habitable Zone (or Goldilocks Zone)
The only known planet in the Solar System that has abundant liquid water on its surface.
Earth
The protective magnetic layer generated by Earth’s molten iron core.
Magnetosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that contains the ozone layer protecting life from harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Stratosphere
The process by which plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy releasing oxygen as a by-product.
Photosynthesis
The primary gas in Earth’s atmosphere that supports respiration and is produced by photosynthetic organisms.
Oxygen (O₂)
The scientist who proposed the Gaia Hypothesis, suggesting that Earth functions as a self-regulating, living system.
James Lovelock
The term describing the natural, cyclic process of water moving through the atmosphere, land, and oceans.
Water Cycle (or Hydrological Cycle)
The planet with a thick atmosphere mostly composed of carbon dioxide, creating an extreme greenhouse effect.
Venus
The phenomenon where Earth’s atmosphere traps heat, keeping the planet warm enough to support life.
Greenhouse Effect
The British naturalist known for his theory of evolution by natural selection, which explains the diversity of life on Earth.
Charles Darwin
The astronomer who formulated the heliocentric model of the universe, placing the Sun at the center rather than the Earth.
Nicolaus Copernicus
The first scientist to provide observational evidence that Earth is not the center of the universe by using a telescope.
Galileo Galilei
The scientist who discovered the ozone layer’s depletion caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
Mario Molina
The process of unstable atomic nuclei breaking down over time, releasing heat.
Radioactive Decay
The heat energy retained from the time of Earth’s formation and differentiation.
Primordial Heat
The mechanism by which heat is transferred through fluid motion within the Earth’s mantle.
Convection
The theory describing how heat is transferred from the Earth’s interior to its surface, driving processes such as volcanic activity and plate tectonics.
Plate Tectonics
The German geophysicist who proposed the theory of continental drift, which led to a deeper understanding of Earth’s internal heat processes.
Alfred Wegener
The largest divisions of geological time, encompassing multiple eras.
Eons
A division of geological time smaller than an eon and composed of multiple periods.
Era
A division of an era, marked by significant events in Earth’s history such as mass extinctions and major evolutionary changes.
Period
A smaller division of a period, marked by smaller changes in life forms and other significant events.
Epoch
A process aimed at preventing new disaster risks, reducing existing risks, and managing residual risks to strengthen resilience.
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
The systematic approach to identifying, assessing, and reducing the risks of disaster.
Risk Management
The likelihood of a disaster occurring as a result of natural or human-induced hazards.
Risk
The immediate actions taken to ensure safety and minimize the impact of a disaster.
Emergency Response
Measures taken in advance to reduce the impact of disasters, such as building codes and education programs.
Mitigation
The capacity of a system, community, or society to resist, absorb, and recover from disaster impacts effectively.
Resilience
A natural or human-induced event that causes significant damage, loss, or suffering.
Disaster
A planned, coordinated approach to dealing with emergency situations to save lives, protect property, and ensure public safety.
Disaster Preparedness
The organization responsible for coordinating disaster preparedness and response efforts in the Philippines.
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)
A sudden and violent shaking of the ground, often caused by tectonic plate movements.
Earthquake
A rapid and uncontrolled spread of fire that can cause widespread damage to property and lives.
Fire
The slow or rapid descent of rock, soil, or debris down a slope, often triggered by heavy rainfall or seismic activity.
Landslide
The point on the Earth’s surface located directly above the origin of an earthquake.
Epicenter
The scale used to measure the magnitude or energy released by an earthquake.
Richter Scale
The sudden release of energy caused by the movement of tectonic plates resulting in ground shaking.
Earthquake
A natural disaster characterized by a sudden release of magma, gas, and ash from beneath Earth’s crust.
Volcanic Eruption
The scientific instrument used to detect and record seismic waves.
Seismograph
The underground point where an earthquake originates.
Focus (Hypocenter)
The phenomenon where saturated soil loses strength and stiffness due to earthquake shaking, causing structures to sink.
Liquefaction
The agency responsible for monitoring seismic activity in the Philippines.
PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology)
The triangular model describing the three elements required for a fire to occur: heat, fuel, and oxygen.
Fire Triangle
A type of fire that occurs in natural areas such as forests, grasslands, and brush.
Wildfire
An organized strategy for evacuating buildings during a fire to ensure safety.
Fire Drill
An intense tropical storm with powerful winds and heavy rainfall.
Typhoon
The large wave caused by underwater seismic activity or volcanic eruption, often resulting in significant coastal damage.
Tsunami
The natural phenomenon involving heavy rains that cause rivers and streams to overflow.
Flood
The dangerous rise in sea level associated with typhoons or hurricanes.
Storm Surge
The agency responsible for monitoring weather and hydrometeorological conditions in the Philippines.
PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration)
The process by which molten rock erupts through the Earth’s surface, creating new landforms.
Volcanism
The branch of geology focusing on the structure and movement of Earth’s crust.
Tectonics
