Earth Science

Question 1

Hydro sphere define

Answer 1

All water on earth surface ( oceans rivers lakes rain mist)

Question 2

Biosphere define

Answer 2

Where Living matter on earth( plants and animals and ecosystems

Question 3

Atmosphere define

Answer 3

Thin fragile layer of gases that surrounds the earth

Question 4

Lithosphere define

Answer 4

Earth crust and cool part of mantel directly beneath ( landforms rocks soil)

Question 5

Symbol for atmospheric nitrogen

Answer 5

N2

Question 6

How do animals obtain their nitrogen

Answer 6

By eating plants and other animals

Question 7

What is the role of a denitrifying bacteria

Answer 7

To convert nitrates back into gaseous nitrogen

Question 8

What is the main role of nitrogen fixing bacteria and decomposers in the Nitrogen cycle

Answer 8

To make nitrogen available to other living things as plants and animals cannot process N2 so it must be turned into nitrates and ammonium

Question 9

What are 3 very important biological molecules that have nitrogen in them

Answer 9

DNA , RNA, Proteins

Question 10

Chemical equation for respiration, where in plant and animal cells does it happen, why is it important to the carbon cycle

Answer 10

Glucose+oxygen = co2+ water+energy
It happens in the mitochondria
It returns carbon form plants/animals/decomposers into the atmosphere

Question 11

Chemical reaction for photosynthesis, where does it occur in plants, why is it important to the carbon cycle

Answer 11

Co2+ water = (sunlight and chlorophyll) glucose+ oxygen
Happens in the chloroplasts
Extracts co2 from atmosphere turns it into useful products like oxygen and glucose

Question 12

List the process to remove carbon from the atmosphere

Answer 12

Photosynthesis and the formation of limestone rocks

Question 13

List the processes that add carbon to the atmosphere pre- industrialisation

Answer 13

Respiration of plants/animals/decomposers
Fire burning forests, wood, organic debris

Question 14

What is the earth’s average temp woth and without green house effect

Answer 14

15c , -18c

Question 15

What is the greenhouse effect

Answer 15

The trapping of radiation from the sun by various components of the earths atmosphere

Question 16

What Is enhanced green house effect

Answer 16

To much greenhouse gases trapping too much heat leading to increase in global temp and global warming

Question 17

What is evaporation

Answer 17

When liquid water is turned into water vapour through heating

Question 18

What is condensation

Answer 18

When the evaporated water vapour cools down and turns back into liquid water

Question 19

What is the difference between transpiration and evaporation

Answer 19

Transpiration is the evaporation of water for plants
Evaporation is when any liquid turns into water vapour

Question 20

What is the diffrence between a run off and percolation

Answer 20

Percolation is the movement of water underground through he soil
A run off is the movement of water above ground

Question 21

Explain why the phosphorus cycle is slower than the rest

Answer 21

Most of the phosphorus cycle involves rocks. The process of weathering these rocks takes millions of years to occur aswell as surfacing the phosphate rocks from deep beneath the ground takes many earthquake and land slides. This takes millions of years aswell

Question 22

Why is the ozone layer important

Answer 22

To protect us in the biosphere from the damaging ultraviolet radiation the sun emitted from the sun

Question 23

What is the chemical formula of methan and how mich heat does it trap compared to co2

Answer 23

20 times more, CH4 is methane

Question 24

5 sources of methane

Answer 24

Cows stomachs, rice paddies, natural gas fields, garbage tips, coal mines

Question 25

Why is melting permafrost a big problem in the Arctic

Answer 25

Inside permafrost is frozen decomposers and methane. When it defrosts it releases the methane back into the atmosphere and defrosts the decomposers meaning that more is decomposed and more co2 is released into the atmosphere

Question 26

3 human activities that release greenhouse gasses

Answer 26

Deforestation, burning fossil fuels, farming

Question 27

Why is methane released into the atmosphere through farming

Answer 27

Cows and sheep release lots of methane in their stomachs

Question 28

What human activity releases nitrous oxide into the atmosphere

Answer 28

Car exhaust, use of nitrogenous fertilisers

Question 29

Co2 has been released into the atmosphere in huge amounts scince industrialisation mainly due to….

Answer 29

Extracting and burning coal and gas as a primary source of energy

Question 30

What is precipitation, list 4 types

Answer 30

Water that forms In the atmosphere and falls back to earth.
Hail, rain, snow, sleat,

Question 31

The process of the greenhouse effect

Answer 31

Uv rays hit earth and is absorbed by ground and organisms. Some radiation is re emitted as heat. Greenhouse gas stops this heat from leaving the atmosphere into space. Therefore this has a warming effect of earth such as global warming

Question 32

Industrialisation has caused the carbon cycle to be unbalanced. What changed what major problem has it caused

Answer 32

Huge amounts of fossil fuels being burnt releases extra co2 back into the atmosphere. Increas ein co2 levels created enhanced greenhouse effect and global warming