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G12 Q2 Exam Review > Earth Science > Flashcards

Earth Science Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Methods used by geologists to determine the general sequence
    of geologic events from oldest to youngest are known as:
    A. geochronology
    B. absolute dating
    C. general dating
    D. relative dating
A

D. relative dating

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2
Q
  1. A sample of rock has 2, 000 parent atoms and 30, 000 daughter
    atoms. The element has a half-life of 3 million years. What is the
    age of the sample?
    A. 10, 670, 000 years
    B. 12, 000, 000 years
    C. 45, 000, 000 years
    D. 60, 000, 000 years
A

B. 12, 000, 000 years
Solution:
Step 1: % of Parent Atoms Remaining = (Number of Parent
atoms/Total Number of Atoms) x 100
Step 2: Use the Chart to determine the total number of HalfLives passed
1 Half-life = 1/2 or 50% Parent material remains
2 Half-Lives = 1/4 or 25% Parent material remains
3 Half-Lives = 1/8 or 12.5% Parent material remains
4 Half-Lives = 1/16 or 6.25% Parent material remains
Step 3: Use the known Half-Life in the chart multiplied by the
fixed Half-Life of the element to get the age of the sample

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3
Q
  1. “Geological processes operating at the present time are the
    same processes that have operated in the past” is a statement of:
    A. the principle of cross-cutting relationships
    B. the principle of original horizontality
    C. the principle of uniformitarianism
    D. the principle of faunal succession
A

C. the principle of uniformitarianism

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4
Q
  1. What is the primary force responsible for the separation and
    removal of weathered and unweathered rocks and soil in the
    process of erosion?
    A. Water
    B. Ice
    C. Gravity
    D. Wind
A

A. Water

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5
Q
  1. During the process of sediment deposition, which factor is
    most likely to influence the sorting of particles?
    A. Particle size and weight
    B. Distance from the sediment source
    C. Velocity of the transporting agent
    D. Chemical composition of the sediments
A

A. Particle size and weight

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6
Q
  1. Which type of volcano is formed by viscous magma being
    erupted effusively onto the surface and then piling-up around
    the vent?
    A. Shield Volcano
    B. Lava Dome
    C. Composite Volcano
    D. Cinder Cones
A

B. Lava Dome

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7
Q
  1. Which is not a non-renewable source of energy?
    A. Petroleum
    B. Biomass
    C. Coal
    D. Uranium
A

B. Biomass

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8
Q
  1. The air pollution index of Marvel City is rising to a critical
    level. After testing the air quality, the scientists found out that
    carbon emissions have increase greatly over the past year. What
    should be a good move for the city planners to mitigate the
    situation?
    I. Recycle plastic products to decongest the river systems.
    II. Increase forest rehabilitation and tree planting activities.
    III. Shift from fossil fuel energy to renewable energy sources.
    IV. Harvest rainwater for conservation.
    A. Only I and II
    B. Only II and III
    C. Only III and IV
    D. None of the above
A

B. Only II and III

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9
Q
  1. At present, human activities have been affecting our planet in so many
    ways. Pollution, environmental exploitation, and waste production are
    threatening our environment and the entire planet. What could be possible
    ways to help our environment to recover from these hazardous effects.
    I. Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle to lessen the impact of waste especially paper and plastic
    products.
    II. Practice environmental protection and rehabilitation of forests by planting trees.
    III.Reduce carbon emissions by using bicycles and electric forms of transportation.
    IV.Favor renewable sources of energy sources like burning of biomass, harnessing
    geothermal and hydropower.
    A. Only I and III
    B. Only II and IV
    C. None of the above
    D. All of the above
A

D. All of the above

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10
Q
  1. What is the primary function of humus in soil?
    A. Nutrient storage
    B. Soil pH Regulation
    C. Water Retention
    D. All of the choices are correct
A

D. All of the choices are correct

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11
Q
  1. Compare and contrast the benefits and drawbacks of cover
    cropping in soil conservation.
    A. Cover cropping only benefits nutrient retention
    B. Cover cropping has no impact on soil structure
    C. Cover cropping improves soil fertility and reduces erosion
    D. Cover cropping leads to increased soil compaction
A

C. Cover cropping improves soil fertility and reduces erosion

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12
Q
  1. Evaluate the effectiveness of contour plowing as a soil
    conservation technique.
    A. It increases soil erosion
    B. It enhances water runoff
    C. It has no impact on soil conservation
    D. It minimizes soil erosion
A

D. It minimizes soil erosion

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13
Q
  1. Which of the following is the most abundant salt in seawater?
    A. Calcium sulfate
    B. Magnesium carbonate
    C. Potassium bromide
    D. Sodium chloride
A

D. Sodium chloride

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14
Q
  1. Compare and contrast the characteristics of the continental
    shelf and the abyssal plain. Which area is generally deeper and
    more remote?
    A. Abyssal plain
    B. Continental shelf
    C. Both are equally deep
    D. Neither is remote
A

A. Abyssal plain

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15
Q
  1. Analyze the impact of overfishing on marine biodiversity. How
    does overfishing disrupt the balance of marine ecosystems?
    A. It depletes certain species and disrupts food chains.
    B. It enhances biodiversity.
    C. It has no effect on marine ecosystems.
    D. It promotes species resilience
A

A. It depletes certain species and disrupts food chains.

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16
Q

Analyze the factors contributing to the generation of electronic waste (e-waste). Choose the option that best describes the underlying reasons for the production of e-waste:

a.
Consumer culture and rapid turnover of electronic gadgets

b.
Increased durability and longevity of electronic products

c.
Lack of technological advancements in electronic devices

d.
Strict regulations prohibiting the disposal of electronic items

A

a.
Consumer culture and rapid turnover of electronic gadgets

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17
Q

Analyze the potential health implications of improper management of solid wastes on human populations. Choose the option that best illustrates the critical aspects of how solid waste pollution may affect human health:
Question 2Answer

a.
Solid waste pollution has a negligible effect on human health, as modern sanitation methods effectively neutralize any potential hazards.

b.
Proper solid waste management has no significant impact on human health, as landfills are designed to contain waste effectively.

c.
The accumulation of solid wastes promotes a healthier environment by fostering the growth of beneficial microorganisms.

d.
Exposure to hazardous substances from improper disposal of solid wastes can lead to respiratory issues, water contamination, and other health risks.

A

d.
Exposure to hazardous substances from improper disposal of solid wastes can lead to respiratory issues, water contamination, and other health risks.

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18
Q

Analyze the potential health implications of plastic waste on human populations. Choose the option that best describes the critical aspects of how plastic pollution may affect human health:
Question 3Answer

a.
Plastic waste has no direct impact on human health, as it is inert and non-reactive.

b.
The consumption of plastic-contaminated food is entirely safe, with no known health risks.

c.
Exposure to certain chemicals in plastics may lead to adverse health effects, including endocrine disruption and developmental issues.

d.
Plastic waste positively contributes to human health by providing affordable and durable materials.

A

c.
Exposure to certain chemicals in plastics may lead to adverse health effects, including endocrine disruption and developmental issues.

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19
Q

Evaluate the environmental impact of extracting and using fossil fuels. Which choice best describes the overall environmental consequences?
Question 4Answer

a.
Fossil fuel extraction has negligible environmental effects, and their use is the most environmentally friendly option available.

b.
Fossil fuel extraction has minimal environmental impact, and their use is essential for economic development.

c.
Fossil fuel extraction and use have severe environmental consequences, and alternative energy sources should be prioritized for a sustainable future.

d.
Fossil fuel extraction poses significant environmental challenges, but their use is crucial for meeting current energy demands.

A

c.
Fossil fuel extraction and use have severe environmental consequences, and alternative energy sources should be prioritized for a sustainable future.

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20
Q

Evaluate the environmental impact of geothermal energy compared to traditional fossil fuels. Choose the most accurate statement.
Question 5Answer

a.
Geothermal energy and fossil fuels have similar environmental impacts, making them equally viable for sustainable energy production.

b.
Geothermal energy has a lower environmental impact than fossil fuels as it produces minimal air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

c.
Fossil fuels are more environmentally friendly than geothermal energy, as they have a longer history of reliable power generation.

d.
Geothermal energy has a higher environmental impact than fossil fuels due to the release of harmful gases during extraction.

A

b.
Geothermal energy has a lower environmental impact than fossil fuels as it produces minimal air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

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21
Q

Evaluate the environmental impact of single-use plastics and their contribution to waste pollution. Choose the most accurate statement:
Question 6Answer

a.
Alternatives to single-use plastics are less sustainable and have a greater environmental footprint.

b.
Single-use plastics have minimal impact on the environment due to their convenience and low production cost.

c.
Single-use plastics significantly contribute to environmental pollution, posing threats to marine life and ecosystems.

d.
The use of single-use plastics is necessary for hygiene and sanitation, outweighing any potential environmental concerns.

A

c.
Single-use plastics significantly contribute to environmental pollution, posing threats to marine life and ecosystems.

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22
Q

Evaluate the significance of hydroelectric energy in the context of environmental and energy considerations. Choose the most accurate statement.
Question 7Answer

a.
Hydroelectric energy is not a reliable source of power and is outperformed by fossil fuels in terms of efficiency.

b.
Hydroelectric energy has negligible environmental impact and is the most sustainable form of energy production

c.
Hydroelectric energy is crucial for sustainable development, providing a renewable and clean alternative to traditional fossil fuels.

d.
Hydroelectric energy contributes to deforestation and disrupts aquatic ecosystems, making it environmentally harmful.

A

c.
Hydroelectric energy is crucial for sustainable development, providing a renewable and clean alternative to traditional fossil fuels.

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23
Q

How are fossil fuels formed?
Question 8Answer

a.
Rapid cooling of magma

b.
Decomposition of organic matter over millions of years

c.
Chemical reactions in deep ocean trenches

d.
Volcanic eruptions releasing hydrocarbons

A

b.
Decomposition of organic matter over millions of years

24
Q

How is flowing water (hydroelectric) tapped as a source of energy for human use?
Question 9Answer

a.
By using turbines in flowing rivers or streams

b.
By extracting energy from underground water reservoirs

c.
By harnessing energy from ocean currents

d.
By capturing energy from river tides

A

a.
By using turbines in flowing rivers or streams

25
Q

How is heat from inside the Earth (geothermal) and from flowing water (hydroelectric) tapped as a source of energy for human use?
Question 10Answer

a.
Geothermal: Utilizing heat from the sun; Hydroelectric: Capturing energy from ocean waves

b.
Geothermal: Extracting heat from the atmosphere; Hydroelectric: Harvesting wind energy

c.
Geothermal: Drilling wells to access Earth’s internal heat; Hydroelectric: Using turbines in flowing water

d.
Geothermal: Harnessing energy from lightning; Hydroelectric: Utilizing the gravitational pull of the Moon

A

c.
Geothermal: Drilling wells to access Earth’s internal heat; Hydroelectric: Using turbines in flowing water

26
Q

In an urban setting, consider the application of waste management practices. Select the method through which humans typically produce solid wastes:
Question 11Answer

a.
Implementing sustainable agriculture practices

b.
Generating electricity from renewable sources

c.
Extracting minerals from the Earth

d.
Manufacturing products and packaging materials

A

d.
Manufacturing products and packaging materials

27
Q

In the context of environmental impact, consider the practical application of how plastic wastes affect ecosystems. Choose the option that best illustrates the consequences of plastic pollution:
Question 12Answer

a.
Enhancing soil fertility and promoting plant growth

b.
Decreasing the occurrence of wildfires in affected areas

c.
Contributing to ocean pollution, harming marine life

d.
Supporting the growth of diverse marine habitats

A

c.
Contributing to ocean pollution, harming marine life

28
Q

What geological process is primarily responsible for the formation of fossil fuels?
Question 13Answer

a.
Compression and decomposition of organic matter

b.
Erosion and sedimentation

c.
Metamorphism of rocks

d.
Volcanic activity

A

a.
Compression and decomposition of organic matter

29
Q

What is a common environmental impact associated with the improper disposal of solid wastes?
Question 14Answer

a.
Soil and water pollution, harming ecosystems

b.
Increased biodiversity in local ecosystems

c.
Enhanced soil fertility and agricultural productivity

d.
Promotion of sustainable waste-to-energy technologies

A

a.
Soil and water pollution, harming ecosystems

30
Q

What is a significant importance on the use of geothermal energy?
Question 15Answer

a.
It is mainly used for space exploration and satellite operations.

b.
It helps in reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change.

c.
It primarily relies on fossil fuels for its generation.

d.
It provides a constant and reliable source of energy.

A

d.
It provides a constant and reliable source of energy.

31
Q

This term refers to an opening in the Earth’s surface from which lava, gases, ash and rock fragments erupt.

Question 1Answer

a.
Earthquake

b.
Volcano

c.
Hill

d.
Avalanche

A

b.
Volcano

32
Q

STATEMENT A: Effusive eruption- dominated by the flow of lava (high silica lava-less viscous and flow
more rapidly) and formation of fountains and lakes.

STATEMENT B: Explosive eruption- ejects ash and larger fragments of broken-up pyroclastic materials.
(low silica lava-more viscous and flow slowly)

Question 2Answer

a.
STATEMENTS A AND B ARE BOTH CORRECT

b.
STATEMENTS A AND B ARE BOTH INCORRECT

c.
ONLY STATEMENT A IS CORRECT

d.
ONLY STATEMENT B IS CORRECT

A

b.
STATEMENTS A AND B ARE BOTH INCORRECT

33
Q

A kind of volcano that is steep-sided and it is composed of many layers of volcanic rocks, usually made from thick sticky lava, ash and rock debris (broken pieces).

Question 3Answer

a.
None of the given choices is correct

b.
Cinder cones

c.
Shield Volcanoes

d.
Strato-volcanoes

A

d.
Strato-volcanoes

34
Q

Identify what kind of volcano is the infamous Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii.

Question 4Answer

a.
The magma is runny, the gas can escape easily and there will not be an explosion.

b.
Built from erupting lava that breaks into small pieces as it shoots into the air.

c.
None of the given choices is correct

d.
If the magma is thick and sticky (like honey), the gas cannot escape, so it builds up and up until it explodes sending out huge clouds of burning rock and gas.

A

a.
The magma is runny, the gas can escape easily and there will not be an explosion.

35
Q

A lava flow material that has a rough, jagged, spiny, and generally clinkery surface.

Question 5Answer

a.
Lava flow

b.
Bombs

c.
Block

d.
Aa

A

d.
Aa

36
Q

What is the separation and removal of rocks and soil due to gravity or transporting agents?
Question 6Answer

a.
Gravitational Force

b.
Transport

c.
Erosion

d.
Earthquake

A

c.
Erosion

37
Q

Which of the following is a type of erosion that commonly occurs in flat dry areas and loose soils?
Question 7Answer

a.
Soil

b.
Water

c.
Glacier

d.
Wind

A

d.
Wind

38
Q

Which of the following refers to the down slope movement of rock and soil under the influence of gravity?
Question 8Answer

a.
Erosion

b.
Landslides

c.
Mass Wasting

d.
Weathering

A

c.
Mass Wasting

39
Q

Which refers to a lava flow material that has a rough, jagged, spiny, and generally clinkery surface?
Question 9Answer

a.
Aa

b.
Lava flow

c.
Block

d.
Bombs

A

a.
Aa

40
Q

Which refers to the on-site breakdown of rocks?
Question 10Answer

a.
Gardening

b.
Weathering

c.
Exogenic process

d.
Endogenic process

A

b.
Weathering

41
Q

Which of the following is NOT a threat commonly faced by soils?

Question 1Answer

a.
Percolation

b.
Climate Change

c.
Deforestation

d.
Soil Erosion

A

a.
Percolation

42
Q

Which changes made in intensive agro-ecosystems would enhance future soil quality?

a.
new, high-yielding crop varieties avoided because of their inefficient use of soil moisture, especially under irrigation

b.
increased fertilizer use, especially in Asia and Europe where population densities are the highest

c.
greater attention is given to possible micronutrient deficiencies

d.
including legume-containing crop rotations to maintain or increase soil organic matter

A

c.
greater attention is given to possible micronutrient deficiencies

d.
including legume-containing crop rotations to maintain or increase soil organic matter

43
Q

Soil quality is generally enhanced by greater __________.

a.
stability of soil structure

b.
none of the given options

c.
diversity of soil microbes

d.
inorganic matter content

A

a.
stability of soil structure

c.
diversity of soil microbes

44
Q

What major change(s) in soil management will be necessary to improve global soil quality in the future?

Question 4Answer

a.
none of the given options

b.
increase rates of application of animal manures for intensive agriculture

c.
maintain vegetative cover on the surface soil

d.
use combined organic and inorganic sources of nutrients

A

C. AND D.

45
Q

Which three layers form the soil profile?

Question 5Answer

a.
Clay, silt and sand

b.
Air, water and soil

c.
Minerals, organic matter and living organisms

d.
The topsoil, subsoil and parent material

A

D.

46
Q

One of the earth’s subsystems containing the oceans, lakes, streams, underground water, and snow and ice.

A.
Atmosphere

B.
Lithosphere

C.
Hydrosphere

A

C.

47
Q

This is the movement of water around Earth’s surface and its subsystems.

Question 2Answer

A.
Evaporation

B.
Condensation

C.
Precipitation

D.
Water Cycle

A

D.
Water Cycle

48
Q

A body of water that is large inland body of freshwater or saline water.

Question 3Answer

A.
Rain Water

B.
Stream

C.
Ocean

D.
Lake

A

D.
Lake

49
Q

A change in the physical state of water from liquid to gas.

Question 4Answer

A.
Precipitation

B.
Evaporation

C.
Condensation

D.
Sublimation

A

B.
Evaporation

50
Q

A body of water where fresh water is found in the rock and soil layers beneath the surface.
Question 5Answer

A.
Lake

B.
Groundwater

C.
Natural Water

D.
Fresh Water

A

B.
Groundwater

51
Q

What byproduct of geothermal power plants may contribute to the formation of small acidic particulates that can be absorbed by the bloodstream and cause heart and lung disease?

Question 1Answer

a.
Hydrogen Sulfide

b.
Sulfur Dioxide

c.
Ammonia

d.
Methane

A

b.
Sulfur Dioxide

52
Q

All potential environmental concerns associated with solar power EXCEPT:

Question 2Answer

a.
Habitat loss

b.
Land use

c.
Improves water quality

d.
Use of hazardous materials in manufacturing

A

c.
Improves water quality

53
Q

STATEMENT A: Fossil fuels produce large quantities of carbon dioxide when burned.

STATEMENT B: Carbon emissions trap heat in the atmosphere and lead to climate change.

Question 3Answer

a.
ONLY STATEMENT A IS CORRECT

b.
STATEMENT A AND B ARE BOTH INCORRECT

c.
STATEMENT A AND B ARE BOTH CORRECT

d.
ONLY STATEMENT B IS CORRECT

A

b.
STATEMENT A AND B ARE BOTH INCORRECT

54
Q

How does hydropower plants affect the aquatic ecosystem?

Question 4Answer

a.
both choices are incorrect

b.
it changes the temperature and composition of the river itself.

c.
it limits the ability of fish to navigate across their natural habitat extent

d.
both choices are correct

A

d.
both choices are correct

55
Q

STATEMENT A: All energy sources have some impact on our environment.

STATEMENT B: Renewable energy sources do more harm than non-renewable energy sources.

a.
ONLY STATEMENT B IS CORRECT

b.
STATEMENT A AND B ARE BOTH INCORRECT

c.
STATEMENT A AND B ARE BOTH CORRECT

d.
ONLY STATEMENT A IS CORRECT

A

d.
ONLY STATEMENT A IS CORRECT

G12 Q2 Exam Review (5 decks)

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