Earth Science

Question 1

Theory of Plate Tectonics:

Answer 1

The lithosphere is broken into large plates that interact and cause geological events

Question 2

Tectonic Plates

Answer 2

Large plates that float slowly on a layer of fluid-like rock in the Earth’s Mantle

Question 3

Layers of the Earth and their Order

Answer 3

Crust, Upper Mantle, Lower Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

Question 4

Primary Wave 4 Aspects

Answer 4

Cause rock particles to move forward and backward
(compress and expand like an accordion),
Move the fastest,
Are the first ones detected
in an earthquake,
Can travel through liquids and solids (Earth’s
interior)

Question 5

Secondary Wave 3 Aspects

Answer 5

Move slower than P waves, faster than
surface waves,
Causes rock particles to move up and down
or side to side,
Can only travel through solids

Question 6

Surface Wave 4 Aspects:

Answer 6

On the surface and often cause,
the greatest damage
Cause rock particles to move
up and down, and side to side,
Slowest of the three waves,
Can travel along the surface of Earth
(not through Earth’s interior)

Question 7

Mid Ocean Ridges

Answer 7

Mountain Ridges on the ocean floor

Question 8

Sea Floor Spreading

Answer 8

The process of magma rising to the surface at mid ocean ridges to from new crust.

Question 9

Divergent Plate Boundaries

Answer 9

When two tectonic plates move away from each other

Question 10

Convergent Plate Boundaries

Answer 10

When two tectonic plates move towards each other

Question 11

Transform Boundaries

Answer 11

When two tectonic plates slide past each other

Question 12

Mantle Convection

Answer 12

the process of the mantle heating up and rising to the surface where it cools and sinks down once more, repeating the process

Question 13

Hot Spots

Answer 13

hot regions of Earth’s
mantle where magma rises to the
surface by breaking through weak parts
of the lithosphere

Question 14

Hot Spot Volcanoes

Answer 14

Tectonic plates can move over fixed
areas called hot spots, creating a trail
of volcanic islands, Volcanoes can form above hot spots as the
magma rises and melts through the crust

Question 15

Fault

Answer 15

Fractures (cracks) in the Earth’s
crust. They can be as small as a
few millimeters and as large as
several kilometers.

Question 16

Normal Fault

Answer 16

Tension causes crust to drop down

Question 17

Reverse Fault

Answer 17

Compression causes crust to move up

Question 18

Strike Slip Fault

Answer 18

Shearing forces cause the crust move alongside each other

Question 19

Earthquake

Answer 19

Sudden shaking of the Earths crust caused by a sudden release of energy caused by movement along faults

Question 20

Trenches

Answer 20

Deep Valleys on the ocean floor

Question 21

Focus

Answer 21

The point where
breakage of rock inside
Earth first happens

Question 22

Epicentre

Answer 22

the
point on Earth’s
surface above
where an
earthquake starts
(above the focus)

Question 23

Seismic Wave

Answer 23

an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means

Question 24

Magnitude

Answer 24

the size of an Earthquake

Question 25

Volcano

Answer 25

opening in Earth’s
surface where magma and
other materials are released

Question 26

Lava

Answer 26

Magma that has been released to the Earths surface

Question 27

Three types of Mountain formation

Answer 27

folding, fault block, volcanic activity

Question 28

Folded Mountain Formation

Answer 28

Rock is compressed at convergent plate boundaries

Question 29

Fault Block Mountain Formation

Answer 29

Formed along faults where large pieces of rock are forced up while others are forced down

Question 30

Volcanic mountain formation

Answer 30

Volcanic mountains form when
molten material reaches the
surface through a weak area of
the crust.