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Review Classes - Science > Earth Scie > Flashcards

Earth Scie Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Intensity

A

Modified Mercalli’s Scale

Effects and Damages

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2
Q

Magnitude

A

Richter Scale

total energy released at its focus

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3
Q

Continental Plate

A

less Dense

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4
Q

Oceanic Plate

A

Denser

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5
Q

Focus

A

Origin of earthquake

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6
Q

Epicenter

A

above the focus

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7
Q

shape of the Earth

A

Oblate spheroid (flattened at the poled, bulging at the sides)

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8
Q

Diastrophism

A

Any movement of the Earth’s Crust

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9
Q

Layers of the Earth

A

Crust
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner core

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10
Q

Crust

A

Variety of igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary rocks

occupies less than 1% of Earth’s volume.

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11
Q

The upper part of the mantle is composed mostly of

A

peridotite, a rock denser than rocks common in the overlying crust.

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12
Q

Mohorovicic discontinuity

A

The boundary between the crust and mantle

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13
Q

Mantle

A

makes up a whopping 84% of Earth’s total volume.

silicates of iron and magnesium, sulphides and oxides of silicon and magnesium.

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14
Q

Molten material that surrounds the core

A

Mantle

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15
Q

Lithosphere

A

Solid outerpart of the Earth
included brittle upper mantle and the crust
most rigid (elastic but not viscous)
Coolest of the Earth’s layer

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16
Q

Asthenosphere

A

Much hotter and fluid than lithosphere
malleable
subduction zones

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17
Q

Outer Core

A

magma like liquid layer that surrounds the Inner Core and creates Earth’s magnetic field.
iron and some nickel

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18
Q

Inner Core

A

believed to be just as hot as the sun’s surface.
made up of an iron-nickel (metal) alloy.
Solid because of high pressures
siderophiles (gold, cobalt, platinum)

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19
Q

Continental Drift Theory

A

Alfred Wagner

Pangaea

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20
Q

Theory of Sea-floor spreading

A

occurs at mid-ocean ridges where new oceanic crust if formed through volcanic activity
support continental drift

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21
Q

Plate Tectonic Theory

A

Lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates

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22
Q

three types of plate boundaries

A

Divergent
Convergent
Transform

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23
Q

Mountain Ranges

A

formed by collision of two continental plates

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24
Q

Trenches

A

deepest part of the ocean formed by collision of continental and oceanic plate

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25
Q

mid-oceanic ridge

A

chain of mountains in the middle of the ocean

formed by spreading of the ocean floor

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26
Q

Faults

A

crack on Earth’s Crust when plates slip past each other

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27
Q

Volcanoes

A

collision of continental and Oceanic plate

molten rock, gases, pyroplastic debris erupt through the crust

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28
Q

magma

A

molten rocks beneath the crust

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29
Q

lava

A

molten rocks at the surface of the crust

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30
Q

Pyroplastic materials

A

mixtures of hot, dry rock fragment and hot gases

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31
Q

Mudflow

A

mixture of mud and water

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32
Q

Parts of a volcano

A 
Crater
Vent
Side Vent
Lava flow
Pipe
magma chamber
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33
Q

Type of Volcanoes

A 
Cinder Cone
Shield Volcano
Lava Domes
Stratovolcanoes
Supervolcanoes
Submarine volcanoes
Subglacials volcanoes
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34
Q

Most common type
lava cools rapidly
fairly small, steep slope and builds over short periods of time

A

Cinder Cone

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35
Q

formed by low-viscous lava

wide bases, gentle slopes, flatter summit

A

Shield Volcano

36
Q

formed by highly-viscous magma
steep-sided
can form at the summit of another volcano

A

Lava Domes

37
Q

formed by alternate layers of lava and cinders

larger than cinder cones and erupt with great violence

A

Stratovolcanoes

38
Q

huge volcanoes with large caldera

most dangerous type

A

Supervolcanoes

39
Q

volcano formed on the ocean floor

A

submarine volcanoes

40
Q

volcanoes formed underneath icecaps

A

subglacials volcanoes

41
Q

Classification of Rocks

A

Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

42
Q

formed from molten material that has cooled and solidified

A

Igneous

43
Q

Igneous Rocks

A

Granite, Basalt, Obsidian, Pumice

44
Q

formed by the accumulations of mud, sand, and gravel deposited and cemented or from materials that precipitated from solutions in water

A

Sedimentary

45
Q

Sedimentary Rocks

A

Sandstone, Limestone, Shale

46
Q

may have originated as igneous or sedimentary but have changed in texture or mineral composition or both through great heat and pressure

A

Metamorphic

47
Q

Metamorphic Rocks

A

Gneiss, Slate, Marble

48
Q

Moh’s Scale of Hardness of Materials

A 
Talc
Gypsum
Calcite
Fluorite
Aptite
Feldspar (orthoclase)
Quartz
Topaz
Corundum
Diamond
49
Q

Refers to the natural processes that break the rocks intro small pieces

A

Weatherig

50
Q

Types of Weathing

A

Mechanical

Chemical

51
Q

processes that break the rocks to pieces without changing chemical composition

A

Mechanical Weathering

52
Q

Mechanical Weathering

A 
burrowing animals
rapid changes in temperature
beating force of water
roots of trees
rocks
force of freezing water
53
Q

brought about by chemical reaction between the minerals in the rocks and carbon dioxide, oxygen, or water

A

Chemical Weathering

54
Q

Chemical Weathering

A 
Carbonation
Oxidation
Hydration
Solution
Acid secreted by roots
55
Q

the transferring of soil and rock from one place to another

A

Erosion

56
Q

What is the greatest agent of bother weathering and erosion?

A

Water

57
Q

Water Cycle

A 
Evaporation
condensation
Precipitation
Collection
Again
58
Q

envelope of air surrounding the Earth

mixture of gases around the planet

A

Atmosphere

59
Q

Layers of the Atmosphere

A 
Exosphere
Thermosphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere
60
Q

Troposphere

A

weather

temp decreases as altitude increases

61
Q

Stratosphere

A

ozone layer

temp increases

62
Q

Mesosphere

A

coldest layer

63
Q

Thermosphere

A

Hottest layer

contains ions from too much radiation from th sun

64
Q

Exosphere

A

above this is outer space

65
Q

the scientific study of the atmosphere

study of weather and climate

A

Metereolgy

66
Q

the condition of the atmosphere in a short period of time

A

Weather

67
Q

average weather in a particular region over a long period of time

A

Climate

68
Q

the hotness and coldness of the air

A

Air Temperature (hot air contains more moisture)

69
Q

force exerted by air particles per unit area

A

Air Pressure

70
Q

movement of air due to differences in air temperature and air pressure

A

Wind Speed and direction

71
Q

amount of water vapor in the air

A

Humidity

72
Q

Type of Clouds

A 
Cumulus
Stratus
Stratocumulus
Altocumulus
Nimbostratus
Altostratus
Cirrocumulus
Cirrostratus
Cirrus
Cumulonimbus
73
Q

cloud tops are usually always flattened in the shape of an anvil or plume. Their bottoms are often hazy and dark.
they rise into towers with bulging upper portions that look like cauliflower.

A

Cumulonimbus

74
Q

typically occur in fair weather.
thin, white, wispy strands of clouds that streaks across the sky.
made up of tiny ice crystals

A

Cirrus

75
Q

transparent, whitish clouds that veil or cover nearly the entire sky.
ok for a “halo” (a ring or circle of light) around the sun or moon.

A

Cirrostratus

76
Q

small, white patches of clouds often arranged in rows that live at high altitudes and are made of ice crystals.
often look like grains.

A

Cirrocumulus

77
Q

gray or bluish-gray sheets of cloud that partially or totally cover the sky at mid-levels.
you can typically still see the sun as a dimly lit disk behind them, but not enough light shines through to cast shadows on the ground.

A

Altostratus

78
Q

cover the sky in a dark gray layer. They can extend from the low and middle layers of the atmosphere and are thick enough to blot out the sun.

A

Nimbostratus

79
Q

most common clouds of the middle atmosphere

white or gray patches that dot the sky in large rounded masses or are aligned in parallel bands.

A

Altocumulus

80
Q

low, puffy, grayish or whitish clouds that occur in patches with blue sky visible in-between

A

Stratocumulus

81
Q

flat, featureless, uniform layer of grayish cloud. It resembles fog that hugs the horizon (instead of the ground).

A

Stratus

82
Q

heir tops are rounded, puffy, and a brilliant white when sunlit, while their bottoms are flat and relatively dark.

A

Cumulus

83
Q

Sea Breeze (check youtube)

A

Daytime

84
Q

Land Breeze (check youtube)

A

Night Time

85
Q

the temperature in which water vaport starts to condense

A

Dew Point

Review Classes - Science (6 decks)

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