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Review Classes - Science > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Mikros and Skopeo (Latin)

A

“to looks at”

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2
Q

discovered that compound lenses can magnify objects greatly

A

Zacharias and Hans Jensen (1590)

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3
Q

made many biological discoveries using his microscope

first to see yeast cells and microorganisms in a drop of water

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1700’s

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4
Q

coined the term cells after observing a thin slice of cork under his microscop

A

Robert Hooke 1665

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5
Q

Provides support and carries the weight of the microscope

A

Base

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6
Q

Connects the body tube to the base of the microscope

A

Arm

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7
Q

connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses

A

Body Tube

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8
Q

Brings the specimen into general focus

A

coarse adjustment knob

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9
Q

fine tunes the focus and increases details of speciman

A

fine adjustment knob

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10
Q

flat platform where the specimen is placed

A

stage

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11
Q

metal clips that hold the slide in place

A

stage clips

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12
Q

holds the different objective lenses

A

revolving eyepiece

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13
Q

source of illumination

A

lamp

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14
Q

adjusts the amount of light that passes through the specimen

A

Diaphragm

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15
Q

Reflect and refract light magnify the specimen

A

Objective Lens

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16
Q

Fathers and focuses light from the light to the specimen

A

condenser

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17
Q

the lens where in the viewer looks through to see the speciment

A

Eyepiece or ocular

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18
Q

observed in dicots, has one prominent primary root

A

taproot system

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19
Q

observed in monocots, numerous roots of the same size

A

Fibrous Root System

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20
Q

moves water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves

A

xylem

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21
Q

moves food and nutrients from leavers to roots

A

phloem

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22
Q

stems growing above the ground

A

epiterranean

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23
Q

stems growing below the group

A

subterranean

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24
Q

stems growing horizontally

A

runners or stolons

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25
Q

located below the upper epidermis

A

palisade mesophyll (monocots)

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26
Q

located above the lower epidermis

A

spongy mesophyll (dicots)

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27
Q

normally abundant in the lower epidermis

where gas exchange happens

A

stomata

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28
Q

ripened ovaries

A

fruit

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29
Q

part of the fruit that encloses the seed

A

Pericarp

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30
Q

three layers of pericarp

A

Exocarp
Mesocarp
Endocarp

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31
Q

two endosperm

A

dicotyledon

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32
Q

one endosperm

A

monocotyledon

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33
Q

stalk that supports a single flower

A

pedicel

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34
Q

tip of the pedicle bearing the reproductive structure

A

receptacle

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35
Q

outermost part of the flower, usually green and not directly involve in the reproductive processes

A

sepal

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36
Q

collective sepals

A

Calyx

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37
Q

colored parts of the flower

A

petals

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38
Q

collectivel petals

A

corolla

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39
Q

male reproductive part of the flower bearing an anther at its tip

A

stamen

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40
Q

part of the stamen that bears pollen grains

A

Anther

41
Q

Female reproductive part of the flower bearing ovary at its base

A

Pistil

42
Q

stalk of stamen bearing an anther at its tip

A

filament

43
Q

stalk of the pistil

A

Style

44
Q

basal part of the pistil containing the ovules

A

ovary

45
Q

stucture in the ovary of a flower that when the egg is fertilized can become a seed

A

ovule

46
Q

largest part of the brain, interprets and recalls information

A

cerebrum

47
Q

lies below the cerebrum, coordinates movement

A

cerebellum

48
Q

control center for breathing, blood pressure, and heart beat and other involuntary body function, AKA brainstem

A

medulla oblongata

49
Q

regulates ovaries and testes, stimulates growth, “master gland”

A

Pituitary

50
Q

affects activities of the ovaries, secretes melatonin

A

Pineal

51
Q

regulates body metabolism

A

Thyroid

52
Q

balances calcium in the blood

A

Paraythroid

53
Q

produces antibodies

A

Thymus

54
Q

regulates blood sugar level (insulin and glucagon)

A

Pancreas

55
Q

regulates blood pressure, salt and water balance in the body, prepares body in action in times of emergency

A

Adrenal

56
Q

Influences female traits

A

Ovaries

57
Q

Influences male traita

A

Testes

58
Q

maintains the body’s homeostasis

A

hypothalamus

59
Q

cells involved in sexual production

A

Gametes

60
Q

female gamete

A

oocyte

61
Q

male gamete

A

spermatocyte

62
Q

alike gametes

A

Isogametes

63
Q

fusion of gametes, AKA fertilization

A

syngamy

64
Q

sex organs

A

gonads

65
Q

produces egg; female gonad

A

Ovary

66
Q

produces sperm; male gonad

A

Testis

67
Q

transports nutrients and oxygen to body cells and carries wastes away from body cells

A

Blood

68
Q

blood is made up of

A

RBC, WBC, plasma, platelets

69
Q

carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart except pulmonary artery which carries oxygen-poor blood

A

Arteries

70
Q

Carry oxygen-poor blood towards the heart except pulmonary vein which carries oxygen-rich blood

A

Veins

71
Q

usually a part of microcirculation; organ level blood vessel/organ level circulation

A

capillaries

72
Q

receives blood for the heart

A

atrium

73
Q

pumps blood away from the heart

A

ventricle

74
Q

largest artery

A

Aorta

75
Q

largest vein

A

Vena Cava

76
Q

process by which cells use oxygen to release energy stored in food

A

Respiration

77
Q

waste products of respiration

A

carbon dioxide, water, ammonia

78
Q

warming of air, trapping of dirt for respiration

A

Nasal cavity

79
Q

AKA throat, connected to the oral cavity

A

Pharynx

80
Q

AKA windpipe; connect larynx to bronchi

A

Trachea

81
Q

prevents food from going to the lungs

A

epiglottis

82
Q

AKA voice box; contains vocal cords

A

Larynx

83
Q

mastication

A

chewing

84
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

85
Q

esophagus

A

peristalsis

86
Q

saliva

A

amylase

87
Q

absorbs nutrients

A

small intestines

88
Q

reabsorption of water

A

large intestines

89
Q

emulsify/digest fats

A

bile - liver

90
Q

filters blood and forms urine and consists of functional units called nephrons

A

Kidney

91
Q

tube leading from a kidney to the bladder

A

Ureter

92
Q

Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the urethral orifice

A

Urethra

93
Q

sac at the base of the ureters that stores urine

A

Urinary Bladder

94
Q

bones produce blood cells called

A

hematopoiesis

95
Q

there are ___ bones in a human adult

A

206

96
Q

cranium, vertebral column, sternum, ribcage

A

axial

97
Q

pectoral, pelvic

A

Girdle

98
Q

limbs

A

Appendicular

Review Classes - Science (6 decks)

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