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Review Classes - Science > Chemistry [Chemical Formula - Gases] > Flashcards

Chemistry [Chemical Formula - Gases] Flashcards

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1
Q

Emipirical Formula

A

simplest ratio of the number of atoms of the elements in a compound

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2
Q

Molecular Formula

A

the actual number of atoms of an element in a molecule of a compound

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3
Q

Formula Mass

A

sum of all the atomic masses

Molecular and Empirical ass

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4
Q

Mole

A

the amount of substance that contains the same number of elementary entities

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5
Q

Avogadro’s Number

A

number of elementary entities in one mole of any substance

6.02x10^23 particles per mole

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6
Q

Molar Mass

A

mass of one mole of an atom, element, molecule, and other compounds

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7
Q

Molecular Mass

A

the mass of a molecule which is the combination of the atomic masses

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8
Q

Oxidation number

A

number of electrons atom can share, lose or gain

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9
Q

Percent Composition

A

the chemical composition can be expressed in terms of mass percent

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10
Q

Naming Inorganic Compounds

A 
Ionic Compounds
Molecular Compounds or Covalent Compounds
Binary Acids
Oxyacids
Hydrocarbons
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11
Q

Ionic Compounds

A

metal and nonmetal

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12
Q

Covalent Compounds

A

nonmetals, greek prefixes

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13
Q

Binary Acids

A

Hydrogen and nonmetal

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14
Q

Oxyacids

A

Hydrogen and oxyanion (nonmetallic oxide)

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15
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

organic compounds that contains the elements carbon and hydrogen

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16
Q

Biochemical Bases of Life

A

molecules that make up the structure of living things are mostly organic compounds

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17
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Building Blocks: monosaccharides

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18
Q

Types of Carbohydrates

A

Simple Sugars - glucose, galactose, fructose
Disaccharides - sucrose, lactose, maltose
Polysaccharides - starch, glycogen, cellulose

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19
Q

Lipids

A

not soluble in water

Building Blocks: fatty acids and glycerol

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20
Q

Types of Lipids

A

Simple - Fatty Acids and Fats and oils

Compounds - Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Sterols

21
Q

Protein

A

most complex and diverse molecules

Building Blocks: amino acids (there are 20 essential amino acids)

22
Q

Types of Protein

A 
Membrane
Structural
Catalytic
Storage
Transport
Contractile
23
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

coding and transmission of hereditary traits

Building Blocks: nucleotides

24
Q

Nucleotide has three components

A

Phosphate group
ribose or deoxyribose
Nitrogenous Base - purine (adenine and guanine) pyrimidine ( Thymine and cytosine) [Adenine and Thyme, Guanine and Cytosine]

25
Q

types of nucleic acids

A

DNA and RNA

26
Q

three types of RNA

A

Transfer
messenger
ribosomal

27
Q

Chemical Reaction

A

reactants transform to a product

28
Q

Chemical Equation

A

representation of a chemical reaction; must always be balanced

29
Q

Types of Chemical Reaction

A 
Combination
Decomposition
Single Replacement
Double Replacement
Combustion
30
Q

Combination

A

two or more substances combine to form ONE substance

31
Q

Decomposition

A

breaking down of one substance to two or more

32
Q

Single Replacement

A

an element replaces another element in a give compound

33
Q

Double Replacement

A

ions of two different reacting compounds exchange to form a new compound

34
Q

Combustion Reaction

A

reacts with oxygen and undergoes rapid oxidation

35
Q

stoichiometry

A

relates the quantitative amount of reatant to products

36
Q

Limiting Reactant

A

completely consumed in a reaction

the quantity of the products formed is dependent on the amount of the limiting reactant

37
Q

Excess Reactant

A

not fully consumed in a chemical reaction

38
Q

Theoretical Yield

A

the calculated quantity of a product

39
Q

Actual Yield

A

quantity produced experimentally

40
Q

Percent Yield

A

TY/AY x 100%

41
Q

Reduction-Oxidation

A

a reaction which involves an oxidation

the number of electrons lost must be equal to the number of electrons gained

42
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

pressure-volume
inversely proportional
p1 v1 = p2 v2

43
Q

Charle’s Law

A

Temperature-volume
directly proportional
v1 t1 = v2 t2

44
Q

Gay-Lussac’s Law

A

temperature-pressure
directly proportional
t1 p1 = t2 p2

45
Q

Avogadro’s Law

A

the amount of substance-volume
directly proportional
v1/n1 = v2/n2

46
Q

Ideal Gas Law

A

PV = nRT

47
Q

Graham’s Law of Effusion

A

rate of effusion of gases-square root of ratio of their molar masses
inversely proportional

48
Q

Effusion

A

describe the passage of a gas through a tiny opening

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