EARTH´S SYSTEM

Question 1

• Any portion of the universe that can be isolated from the rest of the universe for the purpose of observing and measuring changes.
• Each system of the earth interacts with one another that allows it to support life.

Answer 1

System

Question 2

A self- contained system (in which the boundary permits the exchange of energy, but not matter, with surroundings).

Answer 2

Closed System

Question 3

Energy and matter flow in and out of the system.

Answer 3

Open System

Question 4

The earth after its formation, differentiated into: crust, mantle, and core

Answer 4

Geosphere

Question 5

• The process that created the earth´s layered structure
• the denser material sinks to the center )forming the core)
• the less denser amterial floated to the top forming the crust.

Answer 5

Planetary Differentiation

Question 6

The thinnest layer rangign from 5 to 80 km thick and occupies greater than 1% of the Earth´s volume.

Answer 6

Crust

Question 7

What is the two types of crust?

Answer 7

1. Oceanic crust

2. Continental crust

Question 8

• mostly composed of granitic rocks
• thicker with an average thickness of 35 km
• less dense (2.7 g/cm3
• older (some are 4 billion years old)

Answer 8

Continental Crust

Question 9

• mostly composed of basaltic rocks
• the denser and thinner crust (3.0 g/cm3)
• roughly 7 km thick
  Younger (180 million years old or less)

Answer 9

Oceanic Crust

Question 10

The thickest layer occupying 83% of the Earth´s volume

Answer 10

Mantle

Question 11

The boundary between the crust and the mantle which was named after the seismologist, Andrija Mohorovicic.

Answer 11

Mohorovicic Discontinuity

Question 12

How thick is the mantle?

Answer 12

2900 km thick

Question 13

What´s the estimated temperature of the mantle

Answer 13

1000 celcius to 3700 celcius

Question 14

What is the top part of the mantle primarliy composed of?

Answer 14

Peridotite (rock)— made up of olivine (Mg, Fe)2 SiO4

Question 15

The composition is thought to be the most iron and nickel with some oxygen, sulfur, and silicon.

Answer 15

Core

Question 16

This refers to the boundary between the mantle and the core named after the seismologist Beno Gutenburg.

Answer 16

Gutenburg Discontinuity

Question 17

This is the denset portion of the Earth with an average density of 11g/cm^3 to nearly 14 the times the density of water.

Answer 17

Core

Question 18

This is defined based on the mechanical properties and is observed using the behavior of seismic waves as it travels through the interior of the earth.

Answer 18

Layeing by Physical or Mechanical properties

Question 19

• primary wave

- passes thorugh solid and liquid

Answer 19

P Wave

Question 20

• Shear Wave

- Does not pass through liquid

Answer 20

S Wave

Question 21

This is the upper mantle + the crust. This is also relatively rigid and is known to break due to stress and the site of most earthquakes.

Answer 21

Litosphere

Question 22

This is what you call the litosphere when its broken down into large fragments

Answer 22

Litospheric Plates

Question 23

¨Weak¨(asthenos) sphere which lies below the litosphere from ~100 km until a depth of 660 km. Also, the litosphere floats above this layer and convection is also thought to occur here.

Answer 23

Asthenosphere

Question 24

Due to the small amounts of melting present, it flows like the flow of honey, being very slow.

Answer 24

Ductile Behavior