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EARTHSCI > EARTH'S ROCKS > Flashcards

EARTH'S ROCKS Flashcards

1
Q

aggregation of different
mineral constituents which
form the earth’s crust

A

rocks

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2
Q

are scientists who study a planet’s
solid features, like soil, rocks, and
minerals

A

Geologists

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3
Q

process in which rocks are
continuously transformed
between the three rock types

A

igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic

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4
Q

Geological
classification

A

Sedimentary rocks
Igneous rocks
Metamorphic rocks

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4
Q

Physical classification

A

Stratified rocks
Unstratified rocks
Foliated rocks

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4
Q

Chemical
classification

A

Argillaceous rocks
Calcareous rocks
Siliceous rocks

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5
Q

Physical classification and Chemical classification of sedimentary

A

Stratified rocks & Argillaceous rocks

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6
Q

Physical classification and Chemical classification of igneous rocks

A

Unstratified rocks & Calcareous rocks

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7
Q

Physical classification and Chemical classification of metamorphic rocks

A

Foliated rocks & Siliceous rocks

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8
Q

➢from the word ignis, which means “fire” in Latin

A

Igneous rocks

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9
Q
A
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10
Q
A
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11
Q

the word ignis, which means

A

“fire” in Latin

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12
Q

are formed by the solidification of magma below the earth’s surface

A

Igneous rocks

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13
Q

molten rock that is
underground and lava for
molten rock that breaks
through the Earth’s surface

A

Magma

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14
Q

process that turns any
rock into magma

A

Melting

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15
Q

requires extremely high
temperatures, which only
occur far beneath the
earth’s surface

A

Melting

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16
Q

the process that hardens
magma and turns it into
igneous rock

A

Cooling

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17
Q

can occur either underneath or
on the earth’s surface

A

Cooling

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18
Q

2 types of igneous rocks

A

Intrusive Igneous Rocks
Extrusive Igneous Rocks

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19
Q

➢also called plutonic rocks
➢cool slowly without ever reaching the surface

A

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

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20
Q

➢have large crystals that are usually visible without a
microscope
➢surface is known as a phaneritic texture

A

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

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21
Q

Intrusive Igneous Rocks suface is known as a

A

phaneritic texture

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22
Q

best-known phaneritic rock is

A

granite

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23
Q

extreme type of phaneritic rock is called

A

pegmatite

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24
Q

have a huge variety of crystal shapes and sizes,

including some larger than a human hand

A

Pegmatite

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25
Q
  • extreme igneous rocks
  • form during the final stage of a magma’s crystallization
A

Pegmatites

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26
Q

why are Pegmatites extreme?

A

contain exceptionally large crystals and
they sometimes contain minerals that are rarely found
in other types of rocks.

27
Q

it make components for
electronic devices,
retardation plates, circuit
boards, optical filters,
detector windows, and many
other products.

A

Pegmatites

28
Q

are formed on the surface of the Earth from lava, which
is magma that has emerged from underground

A

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

28
Q

2 Rate of Cooling

A

slow cooling magma
rapid Cooling

28
Q

it is used construction, dimension stone, architectural and
decorative purpose

A

Granite

29
Q

when lava comes out of a volcano and solidifies into
extrusive igneous rock

A

Volcanic

29
Q

comes from the Latin granum, a grain, in
reference to the coarse-grained structure of such
a completely crystalline rock

A

Granite

30
Q

Characterization of Igneous Rocks

A

✓ Texture
✓ Composition

31
Q

describes the overall appearance of the igneous
rocks based on size, shape, and arrangement of the
interlocking crystals

A

Texture

32
Q

large crystals

A

slow cooling magma

33
Q

small crystals

A

rapid Cooling

34
Q

3 Characterization of Igneous Rocks Based on Texture

A

Coarse-grained
Medium-grained
Fine-grained

35
Q

grains (crystals) can be seen with
bare eyes

A

Coarse-grained

35
Q

Igneous Rocks Based on Composition
Texture/Color Coarse-grained
(intrusive) in medium

A

Diorite

36
Q

Igneous Rocks Based on Composition
Texture/Color Coarse-grained
(intrusive) in Light

A

Granite

36
Q

grains can only be seen through the
microscope

A

Fine-grained

37
Q

grains can only be seen through a
hand lens

A

Medium-grained

38
Q

Igneous Rocks Based on Composition: Fine-grained (Extrusive) light

A

Rhyolite

38
Q

Igneous Rocks Based on Composition
Coarse-grained (intrusive) dark

A

Gabbro

39
Q

igneous Rocks Based on Composition: Fine-grained (Extrusive) in dark

A

Basalt

39
Q

are formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-
living organisms

A

Sedimentary Rocks

39
Q

igneous Rocks Based on Composition: Fine-grained (Extrusive) in medium

A

Andesite

39
Q

form from deposits that accumulate on the Earth’s
surface
* often have distinctive layering or bedding

A

Sedimentary Rocks

40
Q

ROCK PROCESSES IN
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

A

Weathering
Lithification

41
Q

the breaking down or dissolving of
rocks and minerals on Earth’s
surface

A

Weathering

42
Q

The process of turning
sediment into a
sedimentary rocks,
including deposition,
compaction, and
cementation.

A

Lithification

43
Q

3 processes of lithification

A

Deposition
Compaction
Cementation

43
Q

when sediments are
pressed together from
the pressure of the
above layers of
sediment and water

A

Compaction

43
Q

when sediments,
soil, or rocks are
added to the land

A

Deposition

44
Q

Types of Sedimentary Rocks

A

A. Clastic Sedimentaryn Rocks
B. Biologic Sedimentary Rocks

44
Q

hardening and
welding of clastic
sediments (those

formed from pre-
existing rock

fragments) by the
precipitation of
mineral matter in
the pore spaces

A

Cementation

45
Q

are made up of pieces (clasts) of pre-existing rocks
* loosened by weathering, then transported to some
basin or depression where sediment is trapped
* becomes compacted and cemented, forming
sedimentary rock

A

Clastic Sedimentary Rocks

46
Q

smallest grains are called

A

clay, then silt, then sand

47
Q

Grains larger than 2 millimeters are called

A

pebbles.

48
Q

Common Sedimentary Rocks

A

Sandstone
Shale
Siltstone
Conglomerate

49
Q

sandstone is made of sand-sized clasts

A

Sandstone

49
Q

is made up of silt-sized grains

A

Siltstone

49
Q

is a rock made mostly of clay

A

Shale

50
Q

made of pebbles surrounded by a
matrix of sand or mud

A

Conglomerate

51
Q

form when large numbers of living things die

A

Biologic Sedimentary Rocks

52
Q

is an example for Biologic Sedimentary Rocks and
this is one of the ways limestone can form.

A

Chert

53
Q

bound to a wooden arrow
shaft with sinew.

A

Chert Arrowhead:

EARTHSCI (16 decks)

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