EARTH'S PROCESSES AND HISTORY: SURFACE OF THE EARTH Flashcards
2 Earth’s Processes
Exogenic
Endogenic
Earthquakes, volcanic eruption
endogenic
Weathering, Mass Wasting, Erosion
Exogenic
Describes the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the Earth
WEATHERING
happens whenever rocks are broken up into smaller fragments without any chemical change in their composition.
PHYSICAL WEATHERING
PHYSICAL WEATHERING also known as _______
Mechanical Weathering
successive heating and cooling which causes the expansion and contraction of rocks.
Block Disintegration
Extreme heat and cold at the different time like day and night
Block Disintegration
peels of outer layers of rocks which are immediately affected by heat.
Exfoliation
Is one of the most important physical weathering processes in cold climates.
Frost Action
the alternate freezing and melting of water inside the joints of the rocks, split them into fragments.
Frost Action
chemical change in the rocks through the formation of new compounds or formation of new substances
CHEMICAL WEATHERING
breaking down of rocks by chemicals in rain or moving water, that can lead to ________
weakening of it’s structure
caused by water and oxygen, often giving iron - rich rocks a rusty - colored weathered surface.
Oxidation
water chemically reacts with carbon dioxide
Carbonation
breakdown of rocks caused by reaction with water
Hydrolysis
Solution weathering is the process by which certain minerals are dissolved by acidic solutions.
Acid Solution
takes place under the influence of life activities of living organisms
BIOTIC WEATHERING
Accumulation of rock debris at the base of a cliff.
FALL
a block material moves suddenly along a flat, inclined surface.
SLIDE
mass movement of material containing a large amount of water which moves downslopes as a thick liquid
FLOW
is a gradual process that occurs when the impact of water or wind detaches and removes soil particles, causing the soil to deteriorate.
SOIL EROSION
when winds carry away vast quantity of fine soil particles and sand from deserts.
Wind Erosion
when water moves as sheets taking away thin layers of soil.
Sheet Erosion
the removal of surface material usually soil, by the action of running water. The processes create numerous tiny channels (rills) a few centimeter s in depth, most of which carry water only during storms.
Rill Erosion
Happens when water moves as a channel down the slope and it scoops out the soil and forms gullies which gradually multiply and in the long run spread over a wide area.
Gully Erosion
The land being dissected in gully erosion is called _____
bad lands or ravines
