Earth Origin

Question 1

Big Bang Theory

Answer 1

all matter and energy in the Universe started out as a single infinitesimally small point.

Question 2

How many galaxies in the universe?

Answer 2

Over 100 billion galaxies exist in the visible universe

Question 3

“Deep Space” is also known as…

Answer 3

Outer Space

Question 4

Why does the Milky Way Galaxy look like a concentration of stars running in a line across the sky?

Answer 4

Because we look perpendicular to the axis of rotation

Question 5

Define Fission

Answer 5

the action of dividing or splitting something into two or more parts.

Question 6

Define Fusion

Answer 6

the process or result of joining two or more things together to form a single entity.

Question 7

What is Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

Answer 7

refers to the production of nuclei of the lightest isotopes during the early phases of the universe

Question 8

Stellar Nucleosynthesis

Answer 8

process by which the chemical elements in stars change due to nuclear fusion reactions. Formed elements up to Fe (atomic number 26)

Question 9

Supernovae

Answer 9

Elements with atomic numbers larger

than 26 formed

Question 10

What are the steps of the formation of a planetoid

Answer 10

1. Nebular cloud condenses into protoplanetary disk
2. Disk glows and ignites into nuclear fusion
3. The surrounding dust forms planetesimals
4. Planetesimals accumulate to form a planetoid
5. Core ignites and differentiates core from mantle

Question 11

What are the four terrestrial planets?

Answer 11

a. Mercury b. Venus c. Earth d. Mars

Question 12

What are the four gas planets?

Answer 12

e. Jupiter f. Neptune g. Saturn h. Uranus

Question 13

Where does the asteroid belt lie?

Answer 13

Between (terrestrial planets) Mars and (gas planets) Jupiter

Question 14

The Earth System includes…

Answer 14

1. The Lithosphere
2. The Biosphere
3. The Hydrosphere
4. The Atmosphere

Question 15

What are the two main elements that are prominent on Earth?

Answer 15

Iron & Oxygen

Question 16

The Earth is made up of 3 parts

Answer 16

Crust (least dense), Mantle, Core (most dense)

Question 17

Earth’s crust is composed of 8 different elements

Answer 17

[Oxygen, Silicon], Aluminum, Iron, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium

Question 18

Minerals are…

Answer 18

Naturally occurring crystalline

solids

Question 19

Glasses are…

Answer 19

non-crystalline solids

Question 20

There are two types of crust…

Answer 20

1. Oceanic Crust (70%) – Thinner, more dense

2. Continental Crust (30%) – Thicker, less dense

Question 21

What are lines of flux?

Answer 21

Flux lines point out from the N pole and in toward the S pole. Lines of flux cause iron filings to align.

Question 22

Why does the N side of a compass point North?

Answer 22

The north pole has southern polarity.

Question 23

What are Van Allen Belts?

Answer 23

Where charged particles of the solar wind are trapped, creating the Northern Lights.

Question 24

What is the “Frost Line”?

Answer 24

the distance from the Sun beyond which water ice could condense

Question 25

What are necessary for a planet to have a magnetic field?

Answer 25

1. Rapid Rotation

2. Convecting, liquid core