Earth And Space

Question 1

Crust

Answer 1

1% of Earth, 10-80km

Question 2

Mantle

Answer 2

75% of Earth, 3500 km. Made up of iron, magnesium, and calcium

Question 3

Core

Answer 3

2300 km outer core, 1200 km inner core. Made of iron-nickel alloy

Question 4

Lithosphere

Answer 4

Crust and upper mantle. 30 separate plates that move slowly upon the asthenosphere beneath

Question 5

Igneous

Answer 5

Hardening of molten rock/magma. Granite, pumice, basalt, obsidian.

Question 6

Sedimentary

Answer 6

Sedimentation, rocks cemented together. Shale, sandstone, gypsum, dolomite, coal

Question 7

Metamorphic

Answer 7

Existing rock altered through temperature, pressure, or chemical processes. Marble, slate, gneiss, quartzite.

Question 8

Precambrian eon

Answer 8

4.6 billion - 570 million, period before fossil record

Question 9

Water/hydrologic cycle

Answer 9

Evaporation> transpiration> condensation> precipitation

Question 10

Carbon cycle

Answer 10

Carbon released through human emissions and respiration, reabsorbed by plants and soil

Question 11

Troposphere

Answer 11

Lowest level of atmosphere where weather takes place

Question 12

Stratosphere

Answer 12

Ozone layer. Responsible for absorbing sun’s ultraviolet radiation.

Question 13

Mesosphere

Answer 13

90km, temperature drops -90C, falling stars

Question 14

Thermosphere

Answer 14

Temperature raises as high as 2000C because there’s little to deflect solar radiation

Question 15

Warm front

Answer 15

Warm air mass overtakes cold. Can cause rain, snow, sleet, or freezing rain.

Question 16

Cold Front

Answer 16

Cold air mass overtakes warm. May cause precipitation

Question 17

Stationary front

Answer 17

Two air masses meet and neither is displaced. Can cause cloudy, wet weather

Question 18

Stratus clouds

Answer 18

Low-hanging, broad, flat clouds. Fog. Dark means heavy rain soon

Question 19

Cumulus clouds

Answer 19

Massive, puffy, flat bottom. When dark heavy rain will occur

Question 20

Cirrus clouds

Answer 20

Thin, wispy, at high atmosphere

Question 21

The sun

Answer 21

G2V star or yellow dwarf, approximately 6000C on the surface. Estimated 4.7 billion years old. Superheated plasma

Question 22

Terrestrial planets

Answer 22

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, meaning they are similar with inner metal cores and rock surfaces. Earth and Mars are the only ones with moons, Earth is largest

Question 23

Outer planets

Answer 23

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. All have rings mostly composed of ice crystal

Question 24

Meteoroids

Answer 24

Fragments of asteroids and comets. Meteors

Question 25

Kuiper Belt

Answer 25

Large collection of asteroids, lies beyond known planets

Question 26

Comets

Answer 26

Mixture of ices and dusts