Chemistry And Electronics 1

Question 1

Atomic number

Answer 1

Number of protons and electrons (they’re the same) listen in increasing order on the periodic table

Question 2

Periods

Answer 2

Rows of elements, correspond to the number of shells, or different orbits of elections around the atom

Question 3

Groups

Answer 3

Columns of elements, same number of electrons in their outermost shell

Question 4

Alkali metals

Answer 4

Group 1, silvery metals that react strongly with water

Question 5

Noble gasses

Answer 5

Group 0 or 18, Don’t react with other elements because outer shell is completely full

Question 6

Atomic mass

Answer 6

The average mass listed, average because atoms could come in different sizes (isotopes)

Question 7

Atomic mass unit (amu)

Answer 7

Each proton and neutron’s mass

Question 8

Ionic compound

Answer 8

Example: NaCl (salt), because each chlorine atom borrows an electron from each sodium atom to form a tightly bound crystalline structure

Question 9

Ion

Answer 9

Electrically charged atom

Question 10

Covalent compound

Answer 10

Example: Sugar, it doesn’t ionize when dissolved in water. It shares electrons in pairs so they don’t separate as ions do.

Question 11

Acid

Answer 11

A substance that gives up a positively charged hydrogen ion when dissolved in water. Sour.

Question 12

Base

Answer 12

A substance that gives up a negatively charged hydroxyl ion when dissolved in water. Alkaline. Bitter

Question 13

pH

Answer 13

0 to 14 scale indicating how basic or acidic a solution is. pH less than 7 is acidic, more than 7 is basic, 7 is neutral

Question 14

Phase transition

Answer 14

Physical change, changing of state of matter (liquid to solid)

Question 15

Reactants

Answer 15

In a chemical change the molecules and atoms that enter the reaction, result is the product

Question 16

Electricity

Answer 16

All electricity from static shock to lightning is a movement of electrons

Question 17

Valence shell

Answer 17

Outer shell of an atom, number of electrons depends on if it’s a conductor, semiconductor, or insulator

Question 18

Conductor

Answer 18

Element that allows electrons to move freely, they have one or more mobile valence electrons per atom that are free to move from one atom to another

Question 19

Insulator

Answer 19

Valence shell that’s more than half full. Doesn’t conduct electricity much at all, electrons tightly bound to their own shell.

Question 20

Semiconductor

Answer 20

Exactly half-full valence shell, not a good conductor or insulator

Question 21

Current

Answer 21

Rate of flow of electrons through a conductor

Question 22

Charge

Answer 22

Electrical current is measured by charge flowing past unit of time

Question 23

Amperes (amps)

Answer 23

How current is measured. Defined as one coulomb, the basic unit of electrical charge in one second.

Question 24

Ammeter

Answer 24

Device used to measure current

Question 25

Voltage

Answer 25

Electrical pressure, measured by volts. Voltage and current are directly proportional

Question 26

Electric potential

Answer 26

Electrons pushed to areas of greater electric potential (high pressure) to lower electric potential. AKA electrical potential difference or electromotive force.

Question 27

Voltmeter

Answer 27

Device that measures voltage

Question 28

Resistance

Answer 28

Opposition to the flow of the current, measured in ohms. Measured with ohmmeter, Greek omega symbol

Question 29

Conventional current

Answer 29

The imaginary flow of positive charge and is opposite in direction to actual electron flow

Question 30

Circuits

Answer 30

A complete loop or path for electricity to follow.

Question 31

Load

Answer 31

A source of resistance that converts electrical energy into some other form of energy, for example a lightbulb (electrical>light and heat)

Question 32

Ohm's Law

Answer 32

Voltage in colts is equal to the current in amps multiplied by the resistance in ohms. V=IR

Question 33

Series current

Answer 33

An electrical circuit that has only one path for current to flow. A break anywhere will stop the current. Simplest possible circuit

Question 34

Parallel circuit

Answer 34

More common. Each load is wired in a separate path. If a path has a break or gap, the current would continue, there'd still remain a closed circuit

Question 35

Series-parallel circuit

Answer 35

Most popular, includes on/off switch, wired in series with a number of loads that are connected in parallel

Question 36

Electrical power

Answer 36

A term that refers to the actual rate at which energy is provided to and consumed by an electric circuit. Expressed in watts (joules per second), can be calculated by voltage x amps P=IV