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science - btvc 14 > earth and space > Flashcards

earth and space Flashcards

1
Q

stream of high energy particles sent into space

A

solar wind

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2
Q

causes the light displays aurora borealis and aurora australis

A

solar wind

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3
Q

type of solar wind that is seen from the Northern Hemisphere

A

aurora borealis

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4
Q

types of solar wind that is seen from the Southern Hemisphere

A

aurora australis

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5
Q

storms that look like huge arches and may last several days

A

prominences

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6
Q

more intense than prominences and lasts only about fifteen (15) minutes

A

solar flares

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7
Q

cool black storm areas

A

sunspots

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8
Q

heads of ice and rock and tails of dust and gases forced from the head by solar radiation

A

comets

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9
Q

its tail always points away from the sun

A

comets

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10
Q

chunk of rock or metal smaller than an asteroid

A

meteoroid

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11
Q

a meteoroid as it burns up in the atmosphere or can be called shooting star

A

meteor

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12
Q

a meteoroid that does not completely burn up

A

meteoroid

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13
Q

two (2) types of tides

A

spring tides and neap tides

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14
Q

strongest tides, highest and lowest tides

A

spring tides

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15
Q

when the sun, earth, and moon are in a straight line where the sun’s and moon’s gravities add up

A

spring tides

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16
Q

weakest tides, moderate tides

A

neap tides

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17
Q

when the sun, earth, and moon form a right angle and the sun’s and moon’s gravities cancel out one another

A

neap tides

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18
Q

what are the ten given common stars and constellations in the handbook?

A
  • polaris
  • sirius
  • ursa major
  • ursa minor
  • canis major
  • canis minor
  • orion
  • proxima centauri
  • alpha centauri
  • pegasus
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19
Q

north star, tip of the Little Dipper’s “handle”

A

Polaris

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20
Q

brightest star in the night sky, “Dog Star”

A

Sirius

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21
Q

Big Bear, contains the Big Dipper

A

Ursa Major

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22
Q

Big Dog, contains Sirius

A

Canis Major

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23
Q

Little Dog

A

Canis Minor

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24
Q

The Hunter

A

Orion

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25
Q

closest star to Earth but is too small to be seen in the night sky

A

Proxima Centauri

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26
Q

closest star to the Earth that is visible in the night sky

A

Alpha Centauri

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27
Q

The Winged Horse

A

Pegasus

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28
Q

the distance that light travels in one year

A

light year

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29
Q

the galaxy where the solar system is

A

Milky Way

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30
Q

the explosion of a big star

A

supernova

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31
Q

remains of a supernova explosion with very strong gravity from which nothing can escape

A

black hole

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32
Q

this is the layer of the earth from the crust down to the rigid upper mantle

A

lithosphere

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33
Q

Why is the outer core liquid?

A

It is due to the temperature from the core.

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34
Q

Why is the inner core solid?

A

It is because of the pressure from the upper layers of the Earth.

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35
Q

What are the three plate boundaries?

A

Divergent, Convergent, Transform

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36
Q

This plate boundary has its plates move away from each other.

A

Divergent Plate Boundaries

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37
Q

What do divergent plate boundaries form?

A

Mid-Ocean Ridges

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38
Q

This plate boundary has its plates move toward each other.

A

Convergent Plate Boundaries

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39
Q

What are the three types of convergent plate boundaries?

A

Oceanic-Oceanic, Oceanic-Continental, Continental-Continental

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40
Q

This is a type of convergent plate boundary where one of the two oceanic plates is subducted into the mantle and its magma rises.

A

Oceanic-Oceanic

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41
Q

This forms volcanoes and creates trenches.

A

Oceanic-Oceanic

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42
Q

This is a type of convergent plate boundary where the oceanic plate is subducted into the mantle and the magma rises.

A

Oceanic-Continental

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43
Q

This forms mountain ranges, usually containing volcanoes.

A

Oceanic-Continental

44
Q

This is a type of convergent plate boundary where neither plate is fully subducted and the plates are forced into one another.

A

Continental-Continental

45
Q

This forms tall mountains.

A

Continental-Continental

46
Q

This plate boundary has its plates slide past one another.

A

Transform Plate Boundary

47
Q

This plate boundary causes earthquakes.

A

Transform Plate Boundary

48
Q

What are the types of faults?

A

Normal Dip-Slip, Reverse Dip-Slip/Thrust Fault, Strike-Slip

49
Q

This is the energy released in an earthquake.

50
Q

This is measured using the Richter Scale or Moment Magnitude Scale.

51
Q

This is where magnitude can be measured, from 1 to 10, wherein magnitude 2 is ten times stronger than magnitude 1, and so on.

A

Richter Scale

52
Q

This scale is now more commonly used because of higher precision.

A

Moment Magnitude Scale

53
Q

This is the amount of damage from an earthquake.

54
Q

This is measured using the Mercalli Scale (1 to 12).

55
Q

This is an earthquake’s point of origin.

56
Q

This is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus.

57
Q

What are the types of rocks?

A

Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary

58
Q

This is a type of rock that is from lava.

A

Igneous Rocks

59
Q

Give three examples of igneous rocks.

A

Basalt, Granite, Rhyolite, Gabbro, Obsidian, Pumice

60
Q

This is a type of rock from other rocks that were changed due to intense heat and pressure.

A

Metamorphic Rocks

61
Q

Give three examples of metamorphic rocks.

A

Marble, Gneiss, Slate, Quartzite, Phyllite

62
Q

This is a type of rocks from sediments which were eroded to lower places.

A

Sedimentary Rocks

63
Q

Give three examples of sedimentary rocks.

A

Shale, Limestone, Coal, Sandstone, Breccia, Conglomerate

64
Q

This is written by Alfred Wegener in 1912.

A

Theory of Continental Drift

65
Q

This is the theory of the movement of the continents relative to each other.

A

Theory of Continental Drift

66
Q

Who wrote the theory of continental drift?

A

Alfred Wegener

67
Q

Give some evidences of the theory of continental drift.

A
  • Fossils in Africa and South America
  • Positions of mountain ranges
  • Glacial Striations
  • Tillites
68
Q

These are the scratches in rock caused by movement of glaciers.

A

Glacial Striations

69
Q

Glacial sediments buried in rock.

70
Q

The theory that tectonic plates move.

A

Theory of Plate Tectonics

71
Q

This explains the continental drift.

A

Theory of Plate Tectonics

72
Q

The “Supercontinent” that existed during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic Eras.

73
Q

This broke up into Laurasia in the north and Gondwanaland in the south during the Mesozoic Era.

74
Q

This started breaking up into Asia, Europe, and North America during the Cenozoic Era.

75
Q

This started breaking up into Africa, Australia, Antarctica, and South America during the Mesozoic Era.

A

Gondwanaland

76
Q

This will not run out due to continuous use, such as solar, hydroelectric, and geothermal energy.

A

Renewable energy sources

77
Q

This is in danger of running out, such as fossil fuels.

A

Non-Renewable energy sources

78
Q

These energy sources that were formed by nature for hundreds of millions of years but which people are exploiting and may run out in just a few more years, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.

A

Fossil Fuels

79
Q

This is the heating up of the earth’s surface due to a build-up of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere.

A

Global Warming

80
Q

What are the effects of global warming?

A

Melting of polar ice caps and climate change

81
Q

This causes excessive flooding and even the loss of low-lying land.

A

Melting of polar ice caps

82
Q

Such example of this is increase in the number and intensity of typhoons and a shortening of the wet season.

A

Climate Change

83
Q

What are the five (5) weather instruments?

A

Barometer, Anemometer, Hygrometer, Wind Vane, Rain Gauge

84
Q

This is the weather instrument for air pressure.

85
Q

This is the weather instrument for wind speed.

A

Anemometer

86
Q

This is the weather instrument for humidity.

A

Hygrometer

87
Q

This is the weather instrument for wind direction.

88
Q

This is the weather instrument for the amount of rainfall.

A

Rain Gauge

89
Q

What are the kinds of storms?

A

Thunderstorms, Tropical Depression, Tropical Storm, Typhoons, Hurricanes, Cyclone, Tornadoes

90
Q

This kind of storm is where clouds become electrically charged, producing lightning and thunder.

A

Thunderstorms

91
Q

This kind of storm is where the winds are up to 63 km/hr.

A

Tropical Depression

92
Q

This kind of storm is where the winds are 63 - 117 km/hr.

A

Tropical Storm

93
Q

This kind of storm is from the Pacific ocean.

94
Q

This kind of storm is from the Atlantic ocean.

A

Hurricanes

95
Q

This kind of storm is from the Indian ocean.

96
Q

This kind of storm is small but about 500 km/hr.

97
Q

What are the layers of the atmosphere?

A

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere

98
Q

This layer of the atmosphere is where life forms and the weather are found.

A

Troposphere

99
Q

This is the densest layer of the atmosphere.

A

Troposphere

100
Q

This layer of the atmosphere is where the ozone layer is, along with the airplanes.

A

Stratosphere

101
Q

This layer of the atmosphere is where the meteors burn up.

A

Mesosphere

102
Q

This is the coldest layer of the atmosphere.

A

Mesosphere

103
Q

This layer of the atmosphere is also called the Ionosphere.

A

Thermosphere

104
Q

This is the hottest layer of the atmosphere.

A

Thermosphere

105
Q

This layer of the atmosphere is where the man-made satellites can be found.

science - btvc 14 (3 decks)

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