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science - btvc 14 > chemistry > Flashcards

chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What atomic model did John Dalton make?

A

Billiard Ball Model

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2
Q

What does “atomos” mean?

A

Uncuttable

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3
Q

Who came up with a theory that the world is made up of small, indestructible particles?

A

Democritus

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4
Q

When did Democritus come up with the atom theory?

A

Around 400 BC

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5
Q

Who discredited Democritus’s atom theory?

A

Aristotle

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6
Q

Aristotle believed that the Earth is made up of four elements. What are they?

A

Earth, Fire, Water, and Air

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7
Q

This model says that the atom is hard and indestructible.

A

Billiard Ball Model

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8
Q

Who made the Plum Pudding Model?

A

JJ Thompson

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9
Q

What model did JJ Thompson make?

A

Plum Pudding Model

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10
Q

This model says that the electrons are embedded in a positively-charged sphere.

A

Plum Pudding Model

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11
Q

What model did Ernest Rutherford make?

A

Nuclear Model

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12
Q

Who made the nuclear model?

A

Ernest Rutherford

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13
Q

This model says that the mass and all of the positive charge of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus.

A

Nuclear Model

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14
Q

Who made the planetary model?

A

Niels Bohr

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15
Q

What model did Niels Bohr make?

A

Planetary Model

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16
Q

This model says that the electrons travel around the nucleus in a circular orbit.

A

Planetary Model

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17
Q

This model says that their energy is proportional to their distance from the nucleus.

A

Planetary Model

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18
Q

Several scientists made this model.

A

Quantum Model

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19
Q

This model says that the electron is a wave and can be found in orbitals.

A

Quantum Model

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20
Q

This is the number of protons in the nucleus.

A

Atomic Number

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21
Q

It is also equal to the number of electrons, if the atom is neutral.

A

Atomic Number

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22
Q

What is the symbol for atomic number?

A

Z

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23
Q

This is the result of protons + neutrons.

A

Mass Number

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24
Q

What is the symbol for mass number?

A

A

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25
Q

What is always constant in an atom of an element?

A

The number of protons

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26
Q

What may change in an atom of an element?

A

The number of electrons and neutrons

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27
Q

The number of electrons and neutrons in an atom of an element may change, but the number of protons is constant. True or false?

A

True

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28
Q

The number of protons in an atom determines what element it is. True or false?

A

True

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29
Q

What is the atomic theory?

A
  • All matter are made up of atoms.
  • All atoms of an element have identical chemical and physical properties.
  • Atoms of different elements have different sets of chemical and physical properties.
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30
Q

These are highly reactive metals.

A

Alkali Metals

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31
Q

These have one excess electron which they tend to lose, thus they usually have a charge of +1.

A

Alkali Metals

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32
Q

These are usually compounds with halogens.

A

Alkali Metals

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33
Q

These are highly reactive non-metals.

A

Halogens

34
Q

These lack one electron on their outer shell which they try to acquire from other atoms, thus they usually have a charge of -1.

A

Halogens

35
Q

These usually forms compounds with alkali metals.

A

Halogens

36
Q

These are also called inert gases.

A

Noble Gases

37
Q

These gases are unreactive, very stable elements owing to their full outer shell of eight electrons.

A

Noble Gases

38
Q

These have both metallic and non-metallic properties.

A

Metalloids

39
Q

These are the elements to the right of the metalloids.

A

Non-Metals

40
Q

There are all the elements to the left of the metalloids.

A

Metals

41
Q

These are the atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons.

A

Isotopes

42
Q

What are the nuclei of the three isotopes of hydrogen?

A

Protium, Deuterium, and Tritium

43
Q

0 neutron, 1 proton

A

Protium

44
Q

1 neutron, 1 proton

A

Deuterium

45
Q

2 neutrons, 1 proton

A

Tritium

46
Q

What rule can be used to explain the reactivities and properties of elements?

A

Octet Rule

47
Q

This states that elements gain or lose electrons so that they will have the same number as the nearest noble gas.

A

Octet Rule

48
Q

What is a charged atom?

A

Ion

49
Q

What are the kinds of ions?

A

Anion and Cation

50
Q

These ions are negatively-charged and gains in electrons. There are more electrons than protons here.

A

Anion

51
Q

These ions are positively-charged and has loss in electrons. There are more protons than electrons here.

A

Cation

52
Q

This is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

A

Ionization Energy

53
Q

This is the energy released when an electron is added to an atom.

A

Electron Affinity

54
Q

This is the ability to attract electrons.

A

Electronegativity

55
Q

What increases downwards within a column(family) in the periodic table?

A

Atomic Size

56
Q

This decreases from left to right in the periodic table?

A

Atomic Size

57
Q

This is the number of “excess” electrons of an atom.

A

Valence Electrons

58
Q

This is every element that has the same electronic configuration as the element before it in the periodic table, plus one extra.

A

Aufbau Principle

59
Q

What shows whether an element is in the excited or ground state?

A

Electronic Configuration

60
Q

This is where electrons tend to stay unpaired in orbitals with equal energies.

A

Hund’s Rule

61
Q

What are the phases of matter?

A

Solids, Liquids, Gases, and Plasma

62
Q

What are the three types of mixtures?

A

Solution, Colloid, Suspension

63
Q

Do particles dissolve in solution?

A

Yes

64
Q

Do particles dissolve in colloid?

A

No

65
Q

Do particles dissolve in suspension?

A

NO

66
Q

Do particles settle at the bottom in solution?

A

No

67
Q

Do particles settle at the bottom in colloid?

A

No

68
Q

Do particles settle at the bottom in suspension?

A

Yes

69
Q

What is the size of the particles in solution?

A

Small

70
Q

What is the size of the particles in colloid?

A

Medium

71
Q

What is the size of the particles in suspension?

A

Large

72
Q

Give examples of a solution mixture.

A

Juice Drink, Air, Alloys

73
Q

Give examples of a colloid.

A

Fog, Guava, Jelly, Blood

74
Q

Give examples of a suspension.

A

Oil and Water, Mud, Cream, and Milk

75
Q

What are the types of solutions?

A

Unsaturated, Saturated, Supersaturated, Chemical Change

76
Q

This can dissolve more solute.

A

Unsaturated Solution

77
Q

This already contains the maximum amount of solute.

A

Saturated Solution

78
Q

This uses pressure or heat to dissolve more than the usual amount of solute.

A

Supersaturated Solution

79
Q

This is the formation of new substance.

A

Chemical Change

80
Q

What are the signs of a chemical change?

A

Color, Odor, Taste Change, Gas Production/Burning, Decomposition

81
Q

What are the measuring volumes?

A

Regular Solids and Irregular Solids, Liquids, Gases

82
Q

This measure the dimensions then compute using a formula.

A

Regular Solids

science - btvc 14 (3 decks)

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