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1st Quarter STEM > Earth and Science > Flashcards

Earth and Science Flashcards

1
Q

a Belgian priest, is considered as the first proponent of the big bang theory

A

Georges Lamaitre

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2
Q

A giant cloud of dust and gas in space

A

Nebula

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3
Q

the formation of our solar system and other planetary systems

A

Nebular Hypothesis – Immanuel Kant

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4
Q

Elements heavier than iron, such as gold, platinum, and uranium, are often produced in ————– and then distributed into space

A

supernova explosions

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5
Q
  • The Earth was no longer bombarded by meteorites and the surface was cool enough for bodies of water and primitive sedimentary rocks to form
  • Living organisms started to exist
A

Emergence of life on earth

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6
Q

the Mars-size body collided with Earth, throwing vaporized chunks of the young planet’s crust into space

A

Theia

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7
Q

The lowest layer of our atmosphere

A

Troposphere

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8
Q

Extends from the top of the troposphere to about 50km above the ground

A

Stratosphere

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9
Q

Gaseous envelope that surrounds the earth and constitutes the transition between land mass and vacumm of space

A

Atmosphere

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10
Q

Extends upward to a height of about 85km above our planet

A

Mesosphere

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11
Q

Reaches over 560 kilometers (348 miles) up from the surface of the earth

A

Atmosphere

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12
Q
  • Most clouds appear here, 99% of the water vapor in the atmosphere is found in the
    troposphere
  • Air pressure drops; temperature gets colder
A

Troposphere

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13
Q
  • Where ozone layer is found
  • Temperature is warmer
A

Stratosphere

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14
Q

Where High-energy X-rays and UV radiation from the Sun are absorbed - hundreds to
thousands of degrees temp.

A

Thermosphere

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15
Q
  • Extends upward to a height of about 85km above our planet
  • where most meteors burn
A

Mesosphere

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16
Q
  • can be found anywhere bet. 500 and 1,000 km (311 to 621 miles)
  • Temperatures in the upper thermosphere can range from about 500° C (932° F) to 2,000°
    C (3,632° F) or higher
A

Thermosphere

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17
Q

Coldest temperatures in earth’s atmosphere, about -90C (-130F) found near the top of this layer

A

Mesosphere

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18
Q

The outermost layer of the atmosphere

A

Exosphere

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19
Q

Give the 5 layers of our Atmosphere:

A
  • Troposphere
  • Stratosphere
  • Mesosphere
  • Thermosphere
  • Exosphere
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20
Q
  • comprises the solid Earth and includes both Earth’s surface and interior
  • 94% of the Earth is composed of the elements oxygen, silicon, and magnesium.
A

Geosphere

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21
Q
  • The geosphere is not static but its surface (crust) is in a constant state of motion.
  • Mineral resources are mined from the geosphere.
A

Geosphere

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22
Q
  • includes all water on Earth (surface water and groundwater)
  • liquid, vapor, or ice
A

Hydrosphere

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23
Q

lakes and rivers, streams, and creeks

A

Surface waters

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24
Q

water trapped in the soil and groundwater; wells, aquifers

A

Below waters

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25
Q

water vapor

A

Atmospheric water

26
Q

ice caps and glaciers, icebergs

A

Frozen water

27
Q

Only about —% of the water on Earth is “freshwater, and about —% of the freshwater is
frozen in the form of glacial ice

A

3% 70%

28
Q

“life zone” of the Earth; all living organisms (including humans), and all organic matter that has not yet decomposed

A

Biosphere

29
Q

is structured into a hierarchy known as

A

Food Chain

30
Q

—– and —– is transferred from one level of the food chain to the next.

A

Energy and Mass

31
Q

living organisms (biotic factors) and nonliving things (abiotic factors) from which they derive energy and nutrient

A

global ecosystem

32
Q
  • outermost layer of the Earth
  • 5 to 70 kilometers thick
A

Crust

33
Q
  • thickest layer covering about 67% of Earth’s mass
  • about 2,900 kilometers thick
  • hot molten rocks called magma
A

Mantle

34
Q
  • Inner most layer
  • the hottest layer with 4,700 degrees Celsius
A

Core

35
Q
  • 1220 km thick
  • solid iron and nickel
A

Inner Core

36
Q
  • 2260 km thick
  • liquid iron and nickel
  • generates Earth’s Magnetic field
A

Outer Core

37
Q

existing in or derived from nature

A

Natural

38
Q

stock or supply of money, materials, staff and other assets that can be drawn
on by a person or organization in order to function effectively

A

Resource/source

39
Q

are all the land, water, energy resources and minerals existing naturally in a
place that can be used by people

A

Natural resources

40
Q

Give the 7 Earth’s Natural Resources

A
  • Mineral Resources
  • Water
  • Energy Resources
  • Living Organisms
  • Soil
  • Sunlight
  • Wind
41
Q

Can be replaced by nature at a rate close to the rate at which they are used

A

Renewable Resources

42
Q

Examples of Renewable Resources:
Solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, water, air, soil, cultivated plants, biomass, animals

A
43
Q

energy from the sun

A

Solar

44
Q

energy from earth’s heat

A

Geothermal

45
Q

energy from the wind

A

Wind energy

46
Q

energy from burning organic or living matter

A

Biomass

47
Q

energy from the flow of water

A

Water or hydroelectric

48
Q
  • Resources that exist in a fixed amount
  • Are renewed very slowly or not at all
A

Non Renewable Resources

49
Q

Examples of Nonrenewable Resources
Coal, oil, natural gas, petroleum, sand, stone and gravel, minerals, fossil fuels,

A
50
Q

uses uranium to create energy

A

Nuclear energy

51
Q

the basic unit of life. The building blocks for all living organism

A

Cell

52
Q

boundary of each structure. Keep everything intact/organize

A

Membrane

53
Q

contains organelles

A

Cytoplasm

54
Q

contains DNA: DNA house

A

Nucleus

55
Q
  • Does not have structure surrounded by membranes
  • Few internal structure
A

Prokaryotic cells

56
Q
  • Has 3 components: membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus
  • Contains organelles surrounded by membrane
  • Most living organism
A

Eukaryotic cells: animal & plant

57
Q
  • Single cell – can function on its own
  • Does not have nucleus but has DNA
  • One celled organism
  • 10x smaller
A

Prokaryotic cells: bacteria

58
Q
  • Animal cell
  • Plasma cell membrane
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Mitochondria
  • Lysosomes
  • Nucleus
  • Ribosomes
  • Golgi
A
59
Q

Plant cell
- Have more/complex structure
- Have more organelles so it can function and reproduce itself

A
60
Q
  • cell controls movement in and out of the cell
  • Double layer
A

Outer Membrane

61
Q

shape giving part of the cell

A

Cell Wall

62
Q
A

1st Quarter STEM (5 decks)

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