Earth and physical Flashcards

Question

Cordillerean=?

Answer 1

Continent- ocean

Answer 2

Ocean subducts due to sediments

Answer 3

Andes = continent- ocean Nazea under S. America = Peru Chile trench Rockies Juan de fuca under N.Am

Answer 4

Himalayan +Appalachian , Alps + Ural

Answer 5

Relating to form of landscape.

Answer 6

Radioactive material@ Interior Moving plates Rotation Climate Isostacy =Uplift due to density change

Answer 7

Energy from the earth

Answer 8

– diastrophism and sudden movements

Answer 9

Slow bending or folding

Answer 10

``` Orogenic = mountain building Epiorogenic = continent building Plate tectonics ```

Answer 11

Uplift = sea caves @kathiawar | Subsidence - part of rann of kachch submerged in 1819

Answer 12

Surface - sheer stress … break

Answer 13

``` Chemical = solution - water , carbonation - co2 from atmosphere, hydration , oxidation , reduction ``` Biological = burrowing ``` Physical = upload + expand , granular disintegration, block separation, shattering, freezing, thawing, salt@cracks expand, rolling down ```

Answer 14

``` Corrosion + abrasion Hydration Attrition-particle against each other Dam cutting Horizontal erosion ```

Answer 15

``` River vally- gorge - canyon Meander Oxbow lake Potholes Gullies ```

Answer 16

Alluvial fans Natural levees = embankment Delta

Answer 17

Arcurate =fan@ Krishna Bird@missisipi lobate@ Godavari

Answer 18

``` Sinkhole, Cavern- cave Sinking creeks Stalagmite + stalactite Column ```

Answer 19

``` Blowhole Cave Arc Sea cliffs Stack Stump ```

Answer 20

``` Spit Bay Barrier island Lagoon Beach tomball Island ```

Answer 21

``` Tarn Horn Cirque Arête = tip Glacial-trough Hanging Valley ```

Answer 22

Drumlin Moraine Out-wash plain Karnes=hump

Answer 23

``` Hill-cracks @ soil Gully= small road @mts Ravine = stream cutting Canyon Gorge Pediments- erosional delta Bajada -moderatesloping plain ```

Answer 24

``` Aeolian landforms Deflated basin Mushroom rock= pedestal Inselberg Demo selles = pillars with flat top Wind bridges ```

Answer 25

``` Ripple marks Sand dunes - longitudinal , traverse , barchans , star Loess = particles blanket land ```

Answer 26

Local folding edge

Answer 27

Series of ridges

Answer 28

Mountain ranges of same period

Answer 29

Mountain system of different sizes and different period

Answer 30

Many systems together

Answer 31

Tectonic | Rich in minerals

Answer 32

Divergens of plates and faulting due to the divergens

Answer 33

Due to bending of the Indian plate due to formation of the Himalayas

Answer 34

Narrow sea is formed by the rift Valley becoming a large and the ridges forming around it therefore it spreads continental plate is replaced by the oceanic plate and hence a narrow sea like the red sea forms

Answer 35

At cold places erosion takes place at lower altitudesSlow line is low Mountains rise 1500 m above the snow line and at equator the snow line is at 5500 m and hence the erosion is low

Answer 36

Deccan and Katanga Plateau are famous for copper Kimberly Plateau diamond East Africa gold and diamond Iron and coal mining and Chota Nagpur Plateau Lava soils hence agriculture is great Water falls hence hydroelectric power

Answer 37

IGNEOUS- 1. extrusive = rapid cooling on the surface hence no crystals fine grained dense and dark in colour 2. Intrusive / plutonic = slow cooling at interior hence crystals large grains less dense and light colour 3. Basic = Poor in silica slow cooling and form Plateau heavy in minerals hence dark colour. Not hard hence not weather easily 4. Acidic = excess silicon hence cool fast form mountains not heavy hence light colour hard therefore less weathering SEDIMENTARY 1. Mechanically formed = arenaceous - large sand particles, agricellarous - small clay particles, by ocean currents and winds 2. Chemical= stalagmites and stalactites 3. Organic= Calcerous -more calcium, carbonaceous = more carbon METAMORPHIC 1. Orogenic = holding 2. Geodynamic = thermal , pressure

Answer 38

Igneous … Metal ores Amy dales = air bubbles in basalt - filled with minerals Granite - beautiful shades Sedimentary … Building stones Decay of mineral animals … petroleum Bauxite and manganese derived

Answer 39

The movement of poles when the axis of the earth moves is known as Polar motion

Answer 40

change the length of the day by a few milliseconds.

Answer 41

The location of the poles is not fixed, however, as the axis moves due to changes in how the Earth’s mass is distributed around the planet. Thus, the poles move when the axis moves, and the movement is called “polar motion”. ● According to NASA, data from the 20th century shows that the spin axis drifted about 10 centimetres per year. Meaning over a century, polar motion exceeds 10 metres. ● Generally, polar motion is caused by changes in the hydrosphere, atmosphere, oceans, or solid Earth.

Answer 42

Since the 1990s, climate change has caused billions of tonnes of glacial ice to melt into oceans. This has caused the Earth’s poles to move in new directions. ● As per the study, the north pole has shifted in a new eastward direction since the 1990s, because of changes in the hydrosphere (meaning the way in which water is stored on Earth). ● From 1995 to 2020, the average speed of drift was 17 times faster than from 1981 to 1995. Also, in the last four decades, the poles moved by about 4 metres in distance. The faster ice melting, change in non‐glacial regions due to climate change and unsustainable consumption of groundwater for irrigation and other anthropogenic activities. ● As millions of tonnes of water from below the land is pumped out every year for drinking, industries or agriculture, most of it eventually joins the sea, thus redistributing the planet’s mass.

Answer 43

occurs when the Moon’s orbit is closest to the Earth at the same time that the Moon is full. In a typical year, there may be two to four full supermoons and two to four new supermoons in a row.

Answer 44

Because of the total lunar eclipse, the moon will also appear to be red. This is because the Earth will block some of the light from the Sun from reaching the moon and as the Earth’s atmosphere filters the light, it will soften “the edge of our planet’s shadow” “giving the Moon a deep, rosy glow.”

Answer 45

1. All locations north of the equator have days longer than 12 hours at the June solstice. Meanwhile, all locations south of the equator have days shorter than 12 hours. 2. This day is characterised by a greater amount of energy received from the sun. According to NASA, the amount of incoming energy the Earth received from the sun on this day is 30 per cent higher at the North Pole than at the Equator.

Answer 46

21st December or the Winter Solstice marks the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. ● It is the shortest day and longest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere and is also known as the ‘first day of winter’ in the Northern Hemisphere as well as ‘Hiemal solstice or Hibernal solstice’. ● During this, countries in the Northern Hemisphere are farthest from the Sun and the Sun shines overhead on the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° south).