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Health Assessment Exam #2 > Ears, Nose, Mouth, and Throat > Flashcards

Ears, Nose, Mouth, and Throat Flashcards

1
Q

Otorrhea

A

ear drainage

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2
Q

Otalgia

A

ear pain

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3
Q

Tinnitus

A

ringing in the ear

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4
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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5
Q

General Approach to examiniation

A

Sitting position
Compare right to left
Systematic approach

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6
Q

Examination of the Ear

A

Auditory screening
Inspection and palpation of external ear
Otoscopic examination

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7
Q

Test CN III (auditory)

A

voice-whisper test, Weber’s Test, Rinne’s Test

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8
Q

Voice-Whisper Test

A

Patient to occlude one ear with finger (ear not being tested)
Stand 2 feet behind ear being tested and whisper a two- syllable word or phrase
Patient to repeat the word
Repeat test for other ear

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9
Q

Normal findings of Voice-Whisper Test

A

Able to repeat words whispered at a distance of 2 feet

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10
Q

Weber’s Test

A

Place vibrating tuning fork on midline of head

Check for lateralization of sound

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11
Q

Normal findings of Weber’s Test

A

Sound heard equally in both ears (no lateralization)

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12
Q

Weber’s Conductive hearing loss

A

Tested via Weber’s. Sound lateralizes to affected ear

Sound is conducted directly through the bone to the ear

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13
Q

Weber’s Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Tested via Weber’s. Sound lateralizes to unaffected ear. Related to nerve damage in affected ear.

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14
Q

Cause of Sensorineural hearing loss

A

disorder of the inner ear, auditory nerve, or brain

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15
Q

Cause of Conductive Hearing Loss

A

Due to blocked auditory canal, perforated tympanic membrane, fluid in middle ear, fusion of ossicles

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16
Q

Rinne’s Test

A

put fork on mastoid process and instruct patient to say when sound stops= bone conduction
Note the time interval and immediately move still-vibrating fork in front of the auditory meatus
Instruct patient to say when sound stops= air conduction
Note the time interval
Determine AC to BC ratio
Repeat on opposite ear

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17
Q

Normal Findings of Rinne’s Test

A

Air conduction > bone conduction (2:1 ratio)= positive test

AC is twice as long as BC

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18
Q

Rinne’s test for Conductive Hearing loss

A

Bone conduction equal to or greater than air conduction

AC<BC

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19
Q

Rinne’s test for Sensorineural Hearing loss

A

Air conduction and bone conduction are equally depreciated so 2:1 ratio of AC to BC is maintained AC>BC Air conduction > bone conduction but less than 2:1

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20
Q

Ear Inspection

A 
Position
Size
Color
Shape and symmetry
Deformities, inflammation, lesions, or nodules
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21
Q

Inspect distal external auditory canal

A

Discharge and odor

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22
Q

Ear postition

A

Top of ear should be level with lower lid

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23
Q

Palpate Auricle

A 
Tenderness or pain
Swelling
Nodules or lesions
Move auricle up and down to assess for pain of auditory canal
Palpate over tragus area
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24
Q

Palpate Mastoid process

A

tenderness

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25
Q

Inspection of ear Normal Findings

A

Flesh color
Positioned appropriately and in proportion to the head
No foreign bodies, redness, drainage, deformities, nodules, or lesions
No mastoid tenderness

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26
Q

Abnormal findings for color

A

pale, red, or cyanotic

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27
Q

Abnormal findings of external ear

A

Deformed (ex. cauliflower ear)

Tumor, lesions, nodules

28
Q

Abnormal ear drainage

A

Purulent drainage

Clear or bloody drainage

29
Q

Abnormal ear tenderness

A

Edema, inflammation

Hematoma behind ear (Battle’s sign)

30
Q

Using otoscope to inspect ear

A

Adults pull up and back

Children pull down

31
Q

Normal findings with Otoscope

A 
No redness or inflammation
No drainage
No foreign bodies
No lesions
Presence of cerumen
32
Q

Inspect Tympanic membrane

A

Landmarks, Color, Contour, Perforation

33
Q

Normal Tympanic Membrane findings

A

Tympanic membrane is pearly gray, translucent
Slightly concave
Landmarks well-defined and in appropriate locations

34
Q

Light Reflex

A

At 5 o’clock in right ear and 7 o’clock in left ear

35
Q

Abnormal Tympanic membrane findings

A 
Chalky patches on tympanic membrane
Reddened tympanic membrane
Bulging or retractions of membrane 
Indistinct or absent landmarks
Perforation
36
Q

Otitis Media Risk Factors

A 
Less than 2 years of age
Frequent upper respiratory infections
Cold weather
Male gender
Caucasians, Native Americans, Alaska natives
37
Q

Inspect nose and nares

A

Nose for shape, size, symmetry, lesions, swelling and color

Nares for flaring, narrowing, or discharge

38
Q

Palpate Nose

A

Displacement of bone or cartilage
Tenderness
Masses

39
Q

Evaluate Nostril Patency

A

Occlude one nostril and have patient breathe in

40
Q

Inspect nasal mucosa

A

Color
Discharge
Masses, lesions, polyps
Swelling and color of turbinate

41
Q

Inspect Nasal Septum

A

Alignment

Perforations, bleeding, lesions

42
Q

Normal external nose findings

A

Located in midline of face
No swelling, bleeding, lesions
Both nostrils patent

43
Q

Normal internal nose findings

A

Septum midline, no perforation or bleeding

Nasal mucosa is pink or dull red with no lesions, polyps, discharge

44
Q

Abnormal External Nose Findings

A

Broken, misshapen, swollen nose

Occluded nasal passages

45
Q

Abnormal Internal Nose Findings

A

Septum is deviated or perforated
Nasal mucosa is red, swollen
Purulent drainage
Bleeding

46
Q

Sinuses

A

Inspect- swelling and inflammation
Palpate- tenderness
Percuss- sound, tenderness

47
Q

Normal Sinus findings

A

No discomfort during palpation or percussion

Resonance heard on percussion

48
Q

Transillumination

A

Observe for glow over frontal sinuses

Observe for glow on hard palate behind top molars

49
Q

Examination of mouth

A

breath, lips, tongue

50
Q

Examination of lips

A

Symmetry
Color
Edema
Lesions, cracks

51
Q

Test CN XII (hypoglossal)

A

ROM and strength of tongue

52
Q

Inspection of tongue’s dorsal surface

A

Swelling, size, color, variations, coating, fissures, ulceration, lesion

53
Q

Inspection of tongue’s ventral surface

A

Hydration, lesions, inflammation, vasculature, Wharton’s ducts

54
Q

Palpate tongue

A

only if Lumps, nodules, or ulceration seen on inspection

55
Q

Buccal mucousa

A

Color and moisture
Ulcers and lesions
Stenson’s ducts

56
Q

Inspect gums and gingiva

A

Color, moisture, retraction, hypertrophy, swelling, bleeding

57
Q

Inspect Teeth

A

Occlusion and alignment
Color and stains
Missing teeth
Wear, notches, caries, dental repair

58
Q

Inspect hard and soft palate

A

Shape, color, lesions, malformations

59
Q

Normal findings of external mouth

A

Breath is fresh
Pink, moist lips
Tongue midline, symmetrical, with adequate movement

60
Q

Normal findings of Internal mouth

A

Tongue has no lesions
Tongue, gums, buccal mucosa are pink, moist, smooth
Color of buccal mucosa and gums may vary by race

61
Q

Normal findings of gums and teeth

A

No pockets between gums and teeth
No bleeding
Smooth, white teeth; proper alignment, no dental caries

62
Q

Inspection of Throat

A

Position, size, color, and general appearance/size of tonsils and uvula
Color of oropharynx
Swelling, exudate, lesions

63
Q

Test CN IX and CN X (glossopharyngeal and vagus)

A

say “ah” and inspect for Symmetrical elevation of soft palate and uvula
Gag Reflex

64
Q

Normal findings of throat

A 
Soft palate and uvula rise symmetrically when
patient says “ah”
Uvula is midline
Throat is pink and vascular
No swelling, exudate, or lesions
Gag reflex is present
65
Q

Abnormal throat findings

A

Posterior pharynx is red with white patches, Tonsils and uvula are red and swollen (on 4 pt. scale)
Hoarse voice
Grayish membrane covering tonsils, uvula, soft palate

Health Assessment Exam #2 (4 decks)

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