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Health Assessment Exam #2 > Ears, Nose, Mouth, and Throat > Flashcards

Ears, Nose, Mouth, and Throat Flashcards

1
Q

Otorrhea

A

ear drainage

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2
Q

Otalgia

A

ear pain

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3
Q

Tinnitus

A

ringing in the ear

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4
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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5
Q

General Approach to examiniation

A

Sitting position
Compare right to left
Systematic approach

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6
Q

Examination of the Ear

A

Auditory screening
Inspection and palpation of external ear
Otoscopic examination

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7
Q

Test CN III (auditory)

A

voice-whisper test, Weber’s Test, Rinne’s Test

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8
Q

Voice-Whisper Test

A

Patient to occlude one ear with finger (ear not being tested)
Stand 2 feet behind ear being tested and whisper a two- syllable word or phrase
Patient to repeat the word
Repeat test for other ear

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9
Q

Normal findings of Voice-Whisper Test

A

Able to repeat words whispered at a distance of 2 feet

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10
Q

Weber’s Test

A

Place vibrating tuning fork on midline of head

Check for lateralization of sound

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11
Q

Normal findings of Weber’s Test

A

Sound heard equally in both ears (no lateralization)

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12
Q

Weber’s Conductive hearing loss

A

Tested via Weber’s. Sound lateralizes to affected ear

Sound is conducted directly through the bone to the ear

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13
Q

Weber’s Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Tested via Weber’s. Sound lateralizes to unaffected ear. Related to nerve damage in affected ear.

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14
Q

Cause of Sensorineural hearing loss

A

disorder of the inner ear, auditory nerve, or brain

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15
Q

Cause of Conductive Hearing Loss

A

Due to blocked auditory canal, perforated tympanic membrane, fluid in middle ear, fusion of ossicles

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16
Q

Rinne’s Test

A

put fork on mastoid process and instruct patient to say when sound stops= bone conduction
Note the time interval and immediately move still-vibrating fork in front of the auditory meatus
Instruct patient to say when sound stops= air conduction
Note the time interval
Determine AC to BC ratio
Repeat on opposite ear

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17
Q

Normal Findings of Rinne’s Test

A

Air conduction > bone conduction (2:1 ratio)= positive test

AC is twice as long as BC

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18
Q

Rinne’s test for Conductive Hearing loss

A

Bone conduction equal to or greater than air conduction

AC<BC

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19
Q

Rinne’s test for Sensorineural Hearing loss

A

Air conduction and bone conduction are equally depreciated so 2:1 ratio of AC to BC is maintained AC>BC Air conduction > bone conduction but less than 2:1

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20
Q

Ear Inspection

A 
Position
Size
Color
Shape and symmetry
Deformities, inflammation, lesions, or nodules
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21
Q

Inspect distal external auditory canal

A

Discharge and odor

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22
Q

Ear postition

A

Top of ear should be level with lower lid

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23
Q

Palpate Auricle

A 
Tenderness or pain
Swelling
Nodules or lesions
Move auricle up and down to assess for pain of auditory canal
Palpate over tragus area
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24
Q

Palpate Mastoid process

A

tenderness

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25
Inspection of ear Normal Findings
Flesh color Positioned appropriately and in proportion to the head No foreign bodies, redness, drainage, deformities, nodules, or lesions No mastoid tenderness
26
Abnormal findings for color
pale, red, or cyanotic
27
Abnormal findings of external ear
Deformed (ex. cauliflower ear) | Tumor, lesions, nodules
28
Abnormal ear drainage
Purulent drainage | Clear or bloody drainage
29
Abnormal ear tenderness
Edema, inflammation | Hematoma behind ear (Battle’s sign)
30
Using otoscope to inspect ear
Adults pull up and back | Children pull down
31
Normal findings with Otoscope
``` No redness or inflammation No drainage No foreign bodies No lesions Presence of cerumen ```
32
Inspect Tympanic membrane
Landmarks, Color, Contour, Perforation
33
Normal Tympanic Membrane findings
Tympanic membrane is pearly gray, translucent Slightly concave Landmarks well-defined and in appropriate locations
34
Light Reflex
At 5 o’clock in right ear and 7 o’clock in left ear
35
Abnormal Tympanic membrane findings
``` Chalky patches on tympanic membrane Reddened tympanic membrane Bulging or retractions of membrane Indistinct or absent landmarks Perforation ```
36
Otitis Media Risk Factors
``` Less than 2 years of age Frequent upper respiratory infections Cold weather Male gender Caucasians, Native Americans, Alaska natives ```
37
Inspect nose and nares
Nose for shape, size, symmetry, lesions, swelling and color | Nares for flaring, narrowing, or discharge
38
Palpate Nose
Displacement of bone or cartilage Tenderness Masses
39
Evaluate Nostril Patency
Occlude one nostril and have patient breathe in
40
Inspect nasal mucosa
Color Discharge Masses, lesions, polyps Swelling and color of turbinate
41
Inspect Nasal Septum
Alignment | Perforations, bleeding, lesions
42
Normal external nose findings
Located in midline of face No swelling, bleeding, lesions Both nostrils patent
43
Normal internal nose findings
Septum midline, no perforation or bleeding | Nasal mucosa is pink or dull red with no lesions, polyps, discharge
44
Abnormal External Nose Findings
Broken, misshapen, swollen nose | Occluded nasal passages
45
Abnormal Internal Nose Findings
Septum is deviated or perforated Nasal mucosa is red, swollen Purulent drainage Bleeding
46
Sinuses
Inspect- swelling and inflammation Palpate- tenderness Percuss- sound, tenderness
47
Normal Sinus findings
No discomfort during palpation or percussion | Resonance heard on percussion
48
Transillumination
Observe for glow over frontal sinuses | Observe for glow on hard palate behind top molars
49
Examination of mouth
breath, lips, tongue
50
Examination of lips
Symmetry Color Edema Lesions, cracks
51
Test CN XII (hypoglossal)
ROM and strength of tongue
52
Inspection of tongue's dorsal surface
Swelling, size, color, variations, coating, fissures, ulceration, lesion
53
Inspection of tongue's ventral surface
Hydration, lesions, inflammation, vasculature, Wharton's ducts
54
Palpate tongue
only if Lumps, nodules, or ulceration seen on inspection
55
Buccal mucousa
Color and moisture Ulcers and lesions Stenson’s ducts
56
Inspect gums and gingiva
Color, moisture, retraction, hypertrophy, swelling, bleeding
57
Inspect Teeth
Occlusion and alignment Color and stains Missing teeth Wear, notches, caries, dental repair
58
Inspect hard and soft palate
Shape, color, lesions, malformations
59
Normal findings of external mouth
Breath is fresh Pink, moist lips Tongue midline, symmetrical, with adequate movement
60
Normal findings of Internal mouth
Tongue has no lesions Tongue, gums, buccal mucosa are pink, moist, smooth Color of buccal mucosa and gums may vary by race
61
Normal findings of gums and teeth
No pockets between gums and teeth No bleeding Smooth, white teeth; proper alignment, no dental caries
62
Inspection of Throat
Position, size, color, and general appearance/size of tonsils and uvula Color of oropharynx Swelling, exudate, lesions
63
Test CN IX and CN X (glossopharyngeal and vagus)
say "ah" and inspect for Symmetrical elevation of soft palate and uvula Gag Reflex
64
Normal findings of throat
``` Soft palate and uvula rise symmetrically when patient says “ah” Uvula is midline Throat is pink and vascular No swelling, exudate, or lesions Gag reflex is present ```
65
Abnormal throat findings
Posterior pharynx is red with white patches, Tonsils and uvula are red and swollen (on 4 pt. scale) Hoarse voice Grayish membrane covering tonsils, uvula, soft palate

Health Assessment Exam #2 (4 decks)

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