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Health Assessment Exam #2 > Breasts > Flashcards

Breasts Flashcards

1
Q

Breast function

A

milk production and sexual pleasure

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2
Q

Four quadrants

A

upper inner Q, upper outer Q, lower inner Q, lower outer Q and tail of spence

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3
Q

5 Lymphatic drainage nodes/chains

A 
Central (midaxillary)
Pectoral (anterior)
Subscapular (posterior)
Brachial (lateral)
Infraclavicular
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4
Q

Breast development

A

Stimulated by estrogen release during puberty

Usually begins at 8 to 10 years of age

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5
Q

Common chief complaints

A

Breast mass
Tenderness
Discharge

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6
Q

Breast- Health history

A

Medical history-Breast specific

Surgical history- Breast specific

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7
Q

Breast- Family history

A

Breast cancer

Benign breast disease

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8
Q

Breast cancer

A

45% of all breast cancers occur in upper, outer quadrant

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9
Q

Inspection positions

A

Arms at side
Arms overhead- accentuates retractions
Hands pressed against hips- accentuates retractions
Leaning forward

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10
Q

Inspect breasts

A

color, Striae, Vascularity, Thickening or edema,ize and symmetry, Lesions or masses

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11
Q

Inspecting breast contour

A

Retractions, dimpling or puckering

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12
Q

Other areas of inspection

A

Axillae

Areolar areas

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13
Q

Nipple inspection

A

Symmetry/ level
Inversion/retraction
Discharge

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14
Q

Beginning of palpation

A

Sequential manner
Sitting with arms at side, arms raised
Axillary and infraclavicular nodes

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15
Q

Patient in supine position

A

spread the tissue across chest
Palpate using the palmar surface of fingers
Palpate all breast tissue, including the tail of Spence

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16
Q

Palpation methods

A

Wedge
Concentric circles
Horizontal parallel lines
Vertical parallel lines

17
Q

Palpate areola

A

Compress the nipple-Note any discharge

18
Q

First 6 Evaluation of breast mass

A 
Location
Size
Shape
Number
Consistency
Definition
19
Q

Second 5 evaluation of breast mass

A 
Mobility
Tenderness
Erythema
Dimpling or retraction
Lymphadenopathy
20
Q

Common Breast masses

A

Cyst
Fibroadenoma
Carcinoma

21
Q

Normal breast color findings

A

Breast and axillae are flesh colored
Areolar areas and nipples are darker in pigmentation (increases with pregnancy)
Moles and nevi are normal variants

22
Q

Normal breast findings

A

Symmetrical and diffuse vascular patterns

No thickening or edema

23
Q

Normal breast size findings

A

Minor size variation in the breasts and areolar areas

Breast on dominant side usually is larger

24
Q

Normal nipple findings

A

Nipples should point upward and laterally or outward and downward
No discharge from nipples in nonpregnant, nonlactating female

25
Q

Normal symmetry findings

A

Breasts, areolar areas, nipples should be symmetrical

26
Q

Normal contour findings

A

Breasts are convex, without flattening, retractions, or dimpling
Free from masses, tumors, primary or secondary lesions

27
Q

Normal lymph node findings

A

Palpable lymph nodes less than 1 cm in diameter usually are clinically insignificant
Nodes usually are not palpable

28
Q

Non-modifiable risk factors

A

Female, Age > 50
Personal or family history of breast cancer
Prior thoracic radiation
Menarche at an early age, Firstborn after age thirty, Late onset of menopause
Ethnicity
Dense breast tissue
High postmenopausal bone density
Personal history of endometrial, ovarian, or colon cancer

29
Q

Modifiable risk factors

A 
Alcohol intake > 3 servings per day
Obesity
Physical inactivity
Cigarette smoking
Postmenopausal hormonal therapy
Childbearing history
Oral contraceptive use
Breastfeeding history
30
Q

Simple Mastectomy

A

only the breast tissue is removed

31
Q

Modified radical mastectomy

A

the breast and lymph nodes from the axilla are removed

32
Q

Radical masectomy

A

the breast, lymph nodes from the axilla, and the pectoral muscles are removed

33
Q

Subcutaneous mastectomy

A

the skin and nipple are left intact, but underlying breast tissue and lymph nodes are removed. Rarely performed

34
Q

Diagnostic Techniques

A 
Mammography
Ultrasonography
Needle aspiration
Biopsy
Thermography
Ductal lavage
35
Q

needle aspiration

A

withdrawal of fluid or tissue from a cavity

36
Q

biopsy

A

process of removing tissue from a suspicious area of examination

37
Q

ductal lavage

A

method of rinsing the milk duct to obtain cells for analysis of atypia

38
Q

Self-Breast examination

A

Performed once a month on a fixed date each month, or 8 days after menses
Avoid completing during menstruation or ovulation

Health Assessment Exam #2 (4 decks)

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