early years of nazis and hitlers rise to power Flashcards
consequences of munich putsch
- hitler arrested and put on trial for 24 days
- massive publicity for nazi party - trial was reported in news papers-
- hitler used this as an opportunity to criticise the government
- hitler sentenced to 5 years
- ludendorff set free
- hitler realised he had to gain power democratically
what happened to hitler in prison
- allowed as many visitors as he wanted
- used time to organise political ideas
- wrote down his ideas in his book mein kampf that became a bestseller
ideals mentioned in mein kampf
- aryan race was master race
- jews were subhuman
- germany should be totalitarian state and remove democracy
- wealth of industry and land should be used to benefit german workers
- make germany great again
when did hitler first join the party
1919 it only had 23 members
when did hitler become leader of the dap
september 1921 and reshapes it into the nazi party nsdap
how many members did the party have by 1920
3000
early organisation of nazi party
- 25 point programme that opposed - democracy, judaism, weimar republic and the treaty of versailles
- party leaders were selected due to skills and image
- rohm (german war hero) in charge of the sa - paramilitary force /hitler’s private body guards
long term causes for munich putsch
- deep resentment for weimar republic
- treaty of versailles + dolchstoss (stabbed in the back)
mid term causes for munich putsch
- influenced by fascists in italy led by mussolini
- modelled flag and salute off them
- inspired by ‘march on rome’ which forced italian government to accept mussolini as their leader
short term causes for munich putsch
- upset about french occupation of the ruhr and hyperinflation
what were the events of the munich putsch
- november 8th 1923
- hitler and nazi party interrupted local government meeting lead by von kahr and locked it off and announced he was taking over bavaria and then all of germany
- von —- agreed to help if he was set free but then contacted the police
- hitler and 3,000 nazis marched to munich where they were met by police and arrested
how was the party reorganised in 1923
- hitler realised violence was not effective
- introduced the ss led by himmler as he did not trust sa and to strengthen the paramilitary forces
- gauleiters were regional leaders of the party
- set up headquarters in munich
when was the bamberg conference
august 1926
why did the bamberg conference happen
by 1926 there was a clear split between the nazi party
- some members (like goebbels) emphasised the socialist part
- while others like hitler emphasised the nationalist aspect
what happened during the bamberg conference
- hitler called a national conference of the nazi party to address the divide between the party
- hitler spoke for 5 hours trying to convince members like goebbels that socialism was like communism which was their enemy
consequences of bamberg conference
- hitler’s control was clear
- socialist policies were reduced
- hitler had power to adapt any policies he liked
when was the wall street crash
october 1929
what was the wall street crash
when the american stock market crashed as people quickly sold their shares in businessess
consequences of the wall street crash world wide
the great depression
consequences of the wall street crash in germany
- loan payments - forced to repay dawes plan loan making her bankrupt
- no investments - businesses suffered which impacted trade
- unemployment - reached 6 million by 1933 60% of graduates could not get a job
- food shortages - farms closed down due to lack of investment causing food shortages to spread across germany
- support for extremist parties
why did the communist party grow in popularity
- great depression
- by july 1932 they had 89 seats
- strong support among working class due to….
- growing unemployment - 6mil by 1933
- falling wages - 15% lower than in 1928
- saw communists as only party who would defend jobs and wages
why did the nazis grow in popularity
- great depression
- 6 mil unemployed by 32
- people turned to scapegoats (communists and jewish)
- hitler promised the work and bread
- dislike for weimar republic
- bruning passed unpopular laws with article 48
- increased taxes and decreased unemployment benefits
- nazis promised to fix this
- appeal of hitler
- charismatic and strong speaker
- filled his audience with hope
- used propaganda and new technology to appeal to different groups
how did hitler help the nazis grow in popularity
- charismatic and strong speaker
- filled his audience with hope
- used propaganda and new technology to appeal to different groups
3 ideologies hitler stated in nein kampf
- aryan race was master race
- make german a totalitarian state and remove democracy
- jewish people were subhuman
Long term causes gor munich putsch
- Treaty of versailles ( dolchstoss)
- deep resentment for Weimar Republic
Mid term causes for munich putsch
- influenced by fascists ( modeled tgeir salut, and use of flags on fascists)
- in 1922 mussolini lead a “ march on rome” forcing italian gov. To accept him as leader
Short term causes fir munich putsch
- angry abt hyperinflation anf occupation of the rhur
When was the munich putsh
November 1923
What happened during munich putsch
- hitler interrupted a government meeting led by von kahr
- announced he was taking over barvaria and then all of Germany
- kahr said he’d support hitler if he was released
- kahr was let go but contacted the police
- Hitler abd supporters led a march on munuch but were stopped by police and arrested
Why was bruning an unpopular chancellor
- wanted to increase benefits for unemployed but was rejected by riechstag
- passed laws under article 48which increased taxes snd decreased unemployment benefits
- president hindenburg refused to take land from rich and give to poor farm owners as he thought it was too comunist - good shortages continued
What happened in july 1932
- bruning resigns as chancellor due yo unpopularity
- hindenberg appoints von papen - who is unpopular so a reelection is called
How many seats dif the baxis win in the reelection ( due to von papen being unpopular)
230 ( biggest oarty in reichstag
What happens in novemer 1932
Another election- von schleicher nade chancellor ( but resigned due to no support)
What happens January 30th 1933
Hitler becomes chancellor
When foes hitler became chancellor
January (30th) 1933
4 reasons hitler became chancellor
- imoacts of freat depression
-1932 election results - failures of weimar
- fear of comunism
What type of leader was president hindenburg
- liked to govern by decrees (article 48)
- preferred style of government under kaiser
Who were von papen and von schleicher
- right wing conservatives who both wanted to mive away from government by parties elected to reichstag and tiwards government controlled by wealthy land owners and industrialists
Effects of Great Depression on average person
- high unemployment
- increased homelessness
- lost savings
- food shortages
Consequences on geemany of great depression
- loan repaynents , forced to pay back dawes plan loan
- unemployment reached 6 million by 1932
- food shortages- farms closed down due to lack of investment
- increased support for extreme parties
How did the nazis appeal to women
- promised to look after future generations and restore family values
How did nazis sppeal to upper class and business men
- promissd to protect their money land and businesses from tge communists
Hiw did tge bazis apoeal to young people
- used gramophones to connect with the youth and promised a brighter future eith more jobs and money
How did tge bazis appeal to farmers
- promised vetter quality of life, land and higher wages
- protect them from communists
How did the nazis appeal to the middle classes
- hitler was seen as a saviour who could improve their lives , give them money, protect against communism and restore traditional values
When was mein kampf published
1925
When was the bamberg conference
1926
When did the nazis win 230 reichstag seats
July 1932
Who set up the german worker’s party and when
Jan 1919 drexler
When did hitler become leader if bazi party
July 1921
What fid rohm and the sa do yo reduce opposition
Disrupted opposition meetings and controlled opposition with violence
When is the ss formed
1925
