Early World History

Question 1

Crusades

Answer 1

Religious wars that were fought in an effort to recover the Holy Lands from the Muslims.

Question 2

Socrates

Answer 2

Greek. The “Father of Western Philosophy”

Question 3

Feudalism

Answer 3

Europe has a social system that is split up by class. The kings let the lords own the land, the knights were the fighters, and the peasants or serfs did the work.

Question 4

Division of The Roman Empire

Answer 4

Divided by the Emperor Diocletian into the Eastern and Western Empires (285 CE)

Question 5

Age of Faith

Answer 5

The Middle Ages were a time when people thought and acted like Christians, but they were also very superstitious and didn’t know much.

Question 6

Renaissance

Answer 6

Europe’s interest in the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome, such as their art and writing, began to grow again. (from 1453 to 1600). Mostly because of trade and the Crusades.

Question 7

Constantine

Answer 7

Ruler of Rome; adopted Christianity as the official Roman religion

Question 8

Golden Age of Greece

Answer 8

Around 450 BCE, there was a time in ancient Greece, focused on Athens, when there was no war and the arts and architecture were thriving.

Question 9

William The Conqueror

Answer 9

Leader of the Normans, conquered Great Britain in 1066

Question 10

Polytheism

Answer 10

the belief in and the worship of more than one god.

Question 11

Sophocles

Answer 11

Greek. A playwright of dramas and comedies still performed today

Question 12

Medici

Answer 12

During the Renaissance, the wealth of the most important family in Florence came from being bankers. They used this money to improve the city through art and architecture.

Question 13

Dark Ages

Answer 13

From 476 to 1050, the first part of the Middle Ages. The fall of Rome and the fall of Western culture marked the start of this time.

Question 14

Acropolis

Answer 14

An old fortress on a high hill in Athens, Greece, that has the remains of many old buildings, including the Parthenon, a temple to the goddess Athena.

Question 15

Direct Democracy

Answer 15

A form of government in which everyone who is eligible can vote on every problem.

Question 16

Pope Urban II

Answer 16

Pope who called for a Holy Crusade to drive the Muslim Turks out of Constantinople and take back the Holy Land of Jerusalem.

Question 17

Silk Road

Answer 17

From 100 BCE to 1300 CE, things and ideas moved along the Silk Road, which ran from China through Afghanistan, Persia, and Eastern Europe.

Question 18

Roman Catholic Church

Answer 18

The most powerful group in the Middle Ages, the church was the leader in religious affairs and a force in politics as well.

Question 19

Normans

Answer 19

a people from France who invaded Great Britain in 1066 CE

Question 20

Homer

Answer 20

Greek. Author of the first known novels, the Iliad and the Odyssey

Question 21

Peloponnesian War

Answer 21

Between 431 and 404 BCE, the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta fought a war. After winning the war, Sparta became the strongest city-state in Greece.

Question 22

Scientific Revolution

Answer 22

Refers to the progress made in science and math in Europe because of a new trust in progress and a new way of thinking that emphasized experimentation.

Question 23

Charlemagne / Charles The Great

Answer 23

He was the ruler of Western Europe and often used armed force to try to unite Germanic countries and convert them to Christianity.

Question 24

Pharaohs

Answer 24

The Egyptian rulers who were often called god-kings.

Question 25

Eastern Orthodox Church

Answer 25

Began in CE 1054, when the Church of the Eastern Roman Empire split.

Question 26

Alexander The Great

Answer 26

Greek military leader and king who took over the Persian country and spread Hellenistic culture (Greek culture) all over the known world.

Question 27

Francis Bacon

Answer 27

Introduced the idea of the scientific process and experiments based on empirical (verifiable) evidence.

Question 28

Plato

Answer 28

Socrates’ student in Greece, he wrote The Republic and was an important political scientist.

Question 29

Thucydides

Answer 29

Greek. Authored accounts about the Peloponnesian War and the battles between Athens and Sparta

Question 30

Middle Ages / Medieval Period

Answer 30

A time in Europe between 476 CE and 1453 CE, when Rome fell and Constantinople fell. Kings ruled over areas or empires that were smaller than what Rome had been. The Black Death is one of them.

Question 31

Pharaoh Menes

Answer 31

In 3150 BCE, he was the king who united Upper and Lower Egypt. This made the Egyptian Empire stronger.

Question 32

Great Pyramids

Answer 32

Pharaohs were placed in large, geometrically perfect tombs. They show how far the Egyptians had come in terms of technology.

Question 33

Rene Descartes

Answer 33

Developed the theory of deductive reasoning; also called the Father of Modern Philosophy.

Question 34

Euclid

Answer 34

Greek. “Father of Geometry”

Question 35

Pericles

Answer 35

The leader of Greece during its Golden Age

Question 36

Eratosthenes

Answer 36

Greek. Mathematician, geographer, and astronomer who was the first to calculate the circumference of the world.

Question 37

Pythagoras

Answer 37

Greek. Mathematician and philosopher who developed the Pythagorean theorem which is still widely used in advanced mathematics classes today.

Question 38

Aristotle

Answer 38

Greek. He was Plato’s student, inspired philosophers from the Renaissance to today, and was Alexander the Great’s personal teacher.