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History - Medicine > Early Modern Period > Flashcards

Early Modern Period Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the Plague arrive in York?

A

1604

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2
Q

How many people died from the plague in London in 1665?

A

100,000

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3
Q

Where did the rich move to escape the Plague?

A

The countryside

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4
Q

What were the new beliefs?

A

Germ Theory and that the body contained a collection of chemicals NOT HUMOURS

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5
Q

What was used to prevent illness?

A

Tobacco smoked in pipe and protective clothing.

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6
Q

What was the Renaissance?

A

Changes that took place during the 16th and 17th century in Europe.

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7
Q

What things flourished during this time?

A

Art, music and science

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8
Q

What places were popularised?

A

Ancient Greece and Rome

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9
Q

What was art based on?

A

Disections and reflected human anatomy.

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10
Q

What were the two things developed?

A

Microscope and printing press

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11
Q

What did Vesalius discover?

A

The jaw had one piece of bone unlike some animals

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12
Q

What was Vesalius’ career?

A

Physician to Emperor Charles V of Spain

Anatomist

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13
Q

What did Vesalius challenge?

A

Challenged Galen on the heart (no holes) and on the liver (2 lobes not 5)

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14
Q

What was Vesalius’ publications?

A

‘The Fabric of the Human Body’ in 1543

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15
Q

Who stole bodies to study them?

A

Vesalius

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16
Q

What did Paré do?

A

-Used ligatures to tie off the wounds.
-Apply cauterising iron to stop blood flow
-Developed artificial limbs

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17
Q

What did Pare find?

A

that those who used ointment, did not suffer like those using boiling oil.

18
Q

What did Pare also create?

A

Created clamp (crowsbeak) and artificial limbs.

19
Q

What was cauterising?

A

The sealing of wounds and amputations using hot oil.

20
Q

What was the Roman ointment used for wounds?

A

Egg yolk, rose oil and turpentine.

21
Q

What was a negative of ligatures?

A

Germs still affected the wounds.

22
Q

What was Pare’s book called?

A

‘The Method of Treating Wounds’

23
Q

When did Pare release his book?

A

1545

24
Q

What effect did Pare’s book have on the future?

A

He made his book public so other doctors could learn and start to accept his theory rather than Galen’s.

25
Q

What was Pare referred to?

A

One of the founders of modern medicine

26
Q

What was the belief of the blood before Harvey’s discovery?

A

Blood was continuous and there was an endless supply.

27
Q

What did Harvey discover?

A

-Valves in veins only allowed blood to heart.
-Heart pumps blood around body
-Circulation
-Arteries and veins
-Blood flows in circular motions around body

28
Q

What treatment did Harvey say didn’t help?

A

Bleeding

29
Q

What did Harvey’s discoveries help others discover?

A

further detail of blood e.g. capillaries and blood groups.

30
Q

What did the monasteries provide?

A

Provided care for homeless and ill.

31
Q

What did Henry viii order in the 1530s?

A

the dissolution of monasteries.

32
Q

What was endowed by royal funds?

A

5 major hospitals

33
Q

What were the 5 hospitals endowed called?

A

St Bartholomew’s
St Mary Bethlehem
St Thomas’ Hospital
Christ’s Hospital
Bridewell

34
Q

What is endowment?

A

Granting land, which is rented, to provide income.

35
Q

Who gave money to endowed hospitals?

A

councils/authorities

36
Q

Why did the decline of church hospitals help?

A

Helped to focus more on physical health than spiritual health. It also introduced physicians.

37
Q

What did Henry viii do to help public health?

A

-Forbid slaughterhouses in streets
-built a few sewers
-Banned people from relieving themselves in the courtyard.

38
Q

What did Elizabeth 1 boast about which influenced the public?

A

Bathed once a month

39
Q

What was described as a blessing in disguise during this time?

A

The great fire of London (1666)

40
Q

Why was The Great Fire of London considered a positive?

A

Got rid of Plague and burnt wood houses (introduced stone houses)

41
Q

What further acts were introduced in the 1690s?

A

-Paving and cleaning streets in London.
-Dung removal
-Prohibited keeping pigs in dwelling houses.

History - Medicine (4 decks)

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