Early Modern Period Flashcards
When did the Plague arrive in York?
1604
How many people died from the plague in London in 1665?
100,000
Where did the rich move to escape the Plague?
The countryside
What were the new beliefs?
Germ Theory and that the body contained a collection of chemicals NOT HUMOURS
What was used to prevent illness?
Tobacco smoked in pipe and protective clothing.
What was the Renaissance?
Changes that took place during the 16th and 17th century in Europe.
What things flourished during this time?
Art, music and science
What places were popularised?
Ancient Greece and Rome
What was art based on?
Disections and reflected human anatomy.
What were the two things developed?
Microscope and printing press
What did Vesalius discover?
The jaw had one piece of bone unlike some animals
What was Vesalius’ career?
Physician to Emperor Charles V of Spain
Anatomist
What did Vesalius challenge?
Challenged Galen on the heart (no holes) and on the liver (2 lobes not 5)
What was Vesalius’ publications?
‘The Fabric of the Human Body’ in 1543
Who stole bodies to study them?
Vesalius
What did Paré do?
-Used ligatures to tie off the wounds.
-Apply cauterising iron to stop blood flow
-Developed artificial limbs
What did Pare find?
that those who used ointment, did not suffer like those using boiling oil.
What did Pare also create?
Created clamp (crowsbeak) and artificial limbs.
What was cauterising?
The sealing of wounds and amputations using hot oil.
What was the Roman ointment used for wounds?
Egg yolk, rose oil and turpentine.
What was a negative of ligatures?
Germs still affected the wounds.
What was Pare’s book called?
‘The Method of Treating Wounds’
When did Pare release his book?
1545
What effect did Pare’s book have on the future?
He made his book public so other doctors could learn and start to accept his theory rather than Galen’s.
What was Pare referred to?
One of the founders of modern medicine
What was the belief of the blood before Harvey’s discovery?
Blood was continuous and there was an endless supply.
What did Harvey discover?
-Valves in veins only allowed blood to heart.
-Heart pumps blood around body
-Circulation
-Arteries and veins
-Blood flows in circular motions around body
What treatment did Harvey say didn’t help?
Bleeding
What did Harvey’s discoveries help others discover?
further detail of blood e.g. capillaries and blood groups.
What did the monasteries provide?
Provided care for homeless and ill.
What did Henry viii order in the 1530s?
the dissolution of monasteries.
What was endowed by royal funds?
5 major hospitals
What were the 5 hospitals endowed called?
St Bartholomew’s
St Mary Bethlehem
St Thomas’ Hospital
Christ’s Hospital
Bridewell
What is endowment?
Granting land, which is rented, to provide income.
Who gave money to endowed hospitals?
councils/authorities
Why did the decline of church hospitals help?
Helped to focus more on physical health than spiritual health. It also introduced physicians.
What did Henry viii do to help public health?
-Forbid slaughterhouses in streets
-built a few sewers
-Banned people from relieving themselves in the courtyard.
What did Elizabeth 1 boast about which influenced the public?
Bathed once a month
What was described as a blessing in disguise during this time?
The great fire of London (1666)
Why was The Great Fire of London considered a positive?
Got rid of Plague and burnt wood houses (introduced stone houses)
What further acts were introduced in the 1690s?
-Paving and cleaning streets in London.
-Dung removal
-Prohibited keeping pigs in dwelling houses.
