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History - Medicine > 20th Century Medicine > Flashcards

20th Century Medicine Flashcards

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1
Q

Date of Spanish Flu pandemic

A

1918-1919

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2
Q

Nickname of flu pandemic during 1918

A

The Spanish Lady

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3
Q

Number of deaths during Spanish flu

A

20-40 million worldwide

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4
Q

Where did flu pandemic originate from?

A

China- strain of bird flu

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5
Q

How many deaths in Spain from flu?

A

7 million

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6
Q

Symptoms of Spanish flu

A

Headaches, sore throat, loss of appetite

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7
Q

AIDS meaning

A

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

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8
Q

When was AIDS first identified?

A

1981
Large number of homosexuals were dying noticed by USA doctors

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9
Q

How many people died from AIDS

A

By 2014 - 40 million

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10
Q

How many people living with AIDS?

A

40 million

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11
Q

Polio vaccination date

A

1955

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12
Q

Last known case of Smallpox…

A

Somalia in 1977

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13
Q

Measles vaccination date

A

1963

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14
Q

MMR stands for…

A

Measles, mumps and rubella

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15
Q

MMR vaccination date

A

1988

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16
Q

Hepatitis B vaccination date

A

1994

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17
Q

Infant mortality rate today

A

4-5 per thousand

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18
Q

Dr Wakefield

A

Link between MMR and autism as a small study showed vaccination led to development in autism

This made parents worried and therefore refused for their children to have the vaccine

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19
Q

What did Marie Curie and her husband discover?

A

Radium and Polonium

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20
Q

What did Marie Curie’s discovery help?

A

Helped create an open way of treating cancer

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21
Q

When did Marie Curie receive her nobel prize?

A

1903- with husband

1911- for discovering a means to measure radiation

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22
Q

What did Curie also play a leading role in developing?

A

Mobile x-ray units during WW1

Making diagnosis and treatment of injured soldiers quicker and easier.

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23
Q

What year did Curie and husband discover radioactive activity?

A

1898

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24
Q

Marie Curie husband’s name?

A

Pierre Curie

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25
Q

Who was the first female professor in a university?

A

Marie Curie

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26
Q

When and how did Curie die?

A

1934 - overexposure of radiation

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27
Q

What did Curie’s discoveries do?

A

Launched a new era

Lead trail for advancements in technology and medicine

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28
Q

3 main people who discovered antibiotics

A

Alexander Fleming
Howard Florey
Ernst Chain

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29
Q

Who had once user Penicillin but had not published his notes?

A

Lister

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30
Q

What did Fleming notice during WW1?

A

Antiseptics unable to prevent infection

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31
Q

What did Fleming want to find?

A

Something that would kill the microbes that caused infection

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32
Q

What did Fleming notice in 1928

A

Mould grew in one of his old Petri dishes and that there was no Staphylococci bacteria

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33
Q

What was the name of the bacteria that disappeared in Fleming’s dish

A

Staphylococci bacteria

34
Q

Meaning of Antibiotic

A

Destructive of life

35
Q

What happened in 1929

A

Fleming published his discovery but could not raise enough funds

36
Q

What happened in 1937?

A

Florey and Chain began to research penicillin after reading Fleming’s article

37
Q

What did Florey and Chain experiment on in 1940?

A

Mice

38
Q

Florey and Chain first trial?

A

Policeman died because they ran out of drugs but it proved effective

39
Q

What war did penicillin provide a huge incentive to developments of it ?

A

WW2

40
Q

When was the antibiotic first used

A

Allied troops in North Africa 1943

41
Q

What countries produced huge quantities of penicillin?

A

Britain and America

42
Q

What were antibiotics used to treat after the war?

A

Bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, syphilis

43
Q

What did Fleming, Florey and Chain receive?

A

Nobel prize for medicine 1945

44
Q

Who carried out first heart transplant?

A

Dr Christian Barnard

45
Q

When was the first heart transplant?

A

1967

46
Q

Where did the first heart transplant take place?

A

Cape Town, South Africa

47
Q

When was first kidney transplant?

A

1952

48
Q

What problems hindered heart transplant surgery?

A

Availability of replacement organs

Rejection of transplants

49
Q

What development aided the success of heart transplants?

A

Cyclosporine
Immunosuppressive drug

50
Q

What treatments since WW2 helped to treat cancer?

A

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy

51
Q

What made people distrust modern medicine?

A

Thalidomide caused babies to form with deformities.

52
Q

What did Prince Charles support?

A

Homeopathy and have speech to WHO supporting it

53
Q

What is DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic

54
Q

When was DNA discovered?

A

1953

55
Q

Who discovered DNA?

A

James Watson, Francis Crick and Rosalind Franklin

56
Q

What is the Human Genome Project?

A

Set up to build a complete genetic blueprint of human beings

57
Q

Dolly the Sheep

A

Cloned to try and grow medicines for humans in sheep’s milk

58
Q

Who created the x-ray and when?

A

Wilhelm Rontgen in 1895

59
Q

Who was Ian Donald?

A

Created Ultrasound during WW1

60
Q

What government was introduced from 1904 - 1914

A

Liberal Government

61
Q

What act was introduced in 1906?

A

Workman’s Compensation Act

62
Q

What act was introduced between 1906 and 1907?

A

Education Act

63
Q

What did the Education Act in 1906 and 07 do?

A

Gave free school meals but not compulsory.
Medical inspections in schools but poor families couldn’t afford.

64
Q

When was the Old Age Pensions Act?

A

1908

65
Q

What did the old age pensions act ensure?

A

70 + were given money every week but ONLY if they have worked all their life and weren’t drunk.

66
Q

What was the act placed in 1909?

A

Housing and town planning act
Illegal to build back-to-back houses

67
Q

When was the National Insurance Act?

A

1911 - contributions to their salaries to provide sickness benefit, free medical treatment or unemployment benefit.

68
Q

What is ‘The Dole’?

A

Unemployment/sickness benefit by Lloyd George

69
Q

When was the Beveridge Report?

A

1942

70
Q

What was the Beveridge Report?

A

Created by William Beveridge who Identified 5 ‘Evil Giants’ that needed to be tackled by government.

71
Q

Who was elected PM in 1945

A

Clement Atlee

72
Q

What role did Aneurin Bevan have within the Labour party?

A

Minister of Health and housing in 1945.

73
Q

What was proposed and set up in 1946?

A

NHS

74
Q

When and where was Aneurin Bevan born?

A

1897 in Tredegar

75
Q

Where did Aneurin Bevan study?

A

college of London

76
Q

What roles did Aneurin Bevan have in Tredegar?

A

-member of Tredegar council
-Tredegar Workingmen’s medical aid society.
-MP in Ebbw Vale

77
Q

What act was set up in 1919?

A

Housing Act

78
Q

When was the killer smog?

A

1952

79
Q

What caused killer smog?

A

Air pollution trapped by anticyclone (12,000 dead)

80
Q

When was the clear air act?

A

1993

History - Medicine (4 decks)

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