Early Modern Key Terms 26-50

Question 1

Daimyo

Answer 1

Japanese military rulers that ruled over Feudal Japan for 700 years.

Question 2

Ottomans

Answer 2

• Turkic empire established in Asia Minor and extended into the Middle East and the Balkans.
• Conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended the Byzantine Empire.

Question 3

Songhay

Answer 3

An Empire that controlled Mali and remained after its’ collapse around 1500

Question 4

Tokugawa

Answer 4

A powerful family in Japan that ruled as Shoguns (1603-1867)

• Samurai ruling class, urbanization, growth of merchant class
• Implemented isolationist policies to limit foreign influence in Japan.

Question 5

Renaissance

Answer 5

Cultural and political movement beginning in Italy around 1400.
-Expanded commerce, produced literature and art with distinctly more secular (non-religious) priorities than the Middle Ages.

Question 6

Shah Abbas The Great

Answer 6

• Safavid ruler from 1587 to 1629
• Extended Safavid domain to greatest extent, created slave regiments based on captured Russians, monopolized firearms within Safavid armies, incorporated western military technology.

Question 7

Syncretic Religions

Answer 7

Religions that combine elements of two or more belief systems

Question 8

Humanism

Answer 8

A focus of humanity as the center of intellectual and artistic endeavor.

Question 9

Absolute Monarchy

Answer 9

• Concept of government that developed during the rise of the nation state in western Europe during the 17th century.
• Monarchs could rule however they saw fit.

Question 10

Shah

Answer 10

Title for the former hereditary monarch of Iran/Persia

Question 11

Scientific Revolution

Answer 11

European intellectual and cultural transformation that was based on the principals of the scientific method

Question 12

Manchus

Answer 12

Northeast Asian people who defeated the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty in 1644, which was the last of China’s imperial dynasties.

Question 13

English East India Company

Answer 13

An early join-stock company, were granted on English royal charter with the intention of favoring trade privileges in India.

Question 14

Copernicus

Answer 14

Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)

Question 15

Mestizo

Answer 15

A person of mixed racial ancestry (especially mixed European and Native American Ancestry)

Question 16

Pizzaro

Answer 16

Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru, founded the city of Lima (1475-1541)

Question 17

Janissaries

Answer 17

Christian boys taken from families, converted to Islam, and then rigorously trained to serve the Sultan.

Question 18

Enlightenment

Answer 18

A movement in 18th century Europe that advocated the use of reason and questioning long-held ideals.

Question 19

Indulgences

Answer 19

Selling forgiveness by the Catholic Church, commonly done when the church needed money. Led to the Reformation.

Question 20

Vasco de Gama

Answer 20

A Portuguese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean.

Question 21

Viceroy

Answer 21

Governor of a country or provence that rules as a representative of the king

Question 22

Mali

Answer 22

• Formed in 1240 when Sundiata took control of the Ghana Empire.
• Controlled trade across the Sahara, the South, and the Niger River

Question 23

Lateen Sail

Answer 23

Triangular sail on a short mast that enabled safer and more reliable long distance travel by boat.

Question 24

Patriarchy

Answer 24

Social organization where the father is the supreme authority in the family, clan, or tribe. The descendent has to be male.

Question 25

Peter the Great

Answer 25

Ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725, wanted closer ties to Europe, modernized and strengthened Russia.