1750-1900 Key Terms #2

Question 1

Crimean War

Answer 1

• Conflict between Russia and the Ottoman Empire in the Crimean peninsula.
• Britain and France helped the Ottomans to prevent Russian expansion.

Question 2

Nationalism

Answer 2

Focus on a citizen’s loyalty to their country because of their unique culture, territory, and destiny

Question 3

Trans-Siberian Railroad

Answer 3

A railroad built to connect Russia with the Pacific, which increased Russian influence in Asia.

Question 4

Sick Man of Europe

Answer 4

Western Europe’s nickname for the Ottoman Empire because of the Sultan’s inability to prevent land being taken over by westerners and inability to deal with internal problems.

Question 5

Declaration of the rights of man

Answer 5

Statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly in the beginning of the French Revolution

Question 6

French Revolution

Answer 6

• Began in 1789.
• Overthrew the absolute monarchy and aristocratic privileges
• Napoleon finally overthrew the directory and seized power in 1799.

Question 7

British East India Company

Answer 7

A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. It controlled social, political, and economic life in India for over 200 years.

Question 8

Tanzimat Reforms

Answer 8

Reforms in the Ottoman Empire in the mid 1800’s to build western universities, state postal system, railways, legal reforms, and a new constitution.

Question 9

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 9

When traditionalist Chinese tried to throw foreigners out

Question 10

Meiji Rebellion

Answer 10

When young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperlialism after the destruction of the Tokugawa shogunate

Question 11

Wealth Of Nations

Answer 11

Written by Adam Smith which explained free market economies

Question 12

Cecil Rhodes

Answer 12

A British financier with a philosophy of imperialism who played a major political and economic role in colonial South Africa.

Question 13

Social Darwinism

Answer 13

‘survival of the fittest’ ideals applied to society, especially as a justification for imperialist expansion.

Question 14

Berlin Conference

Answer 14

Every country who wanted part of Africa attended, and the continent was divided so that no one would get in a conflict over the land.

Question 15

Young Turks

Answer 15

Reform-minded Ottomans who took control of the empire in 1908

Question 16

Muslim League

Answer 16

An organization formed to protect India’s Muslims, and later proposed that India be divided into separate Muslim and Hindu nations.

Question 17

Sepoy Mutiny

Answer 17

A rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India

Question 18

Sphere of Influence

Answer 18

A foreign region where a nation has control over trade and other economic activities

Question 19

Miguel Hidalgo

Answer 19

A Mexican priest who led peasants in a call for independence and improved conditions

Question 20

Suez Canal

Answer 20

A man-made waterway that connects the Red Sea to the Mediterranean sea. This was a route for the British to get to Egypt

Question 21

Bourgeoisie

Answer 21

Educated, middle class of France, force behind the Revolution

Question 22

Simon Bolivar

Answer 22

Venezuelan born military leader who led the fight for independence in South America.

Question 23

Scramble for Africa

Answer 23

Sudden wave of conquests in Africa by European powers. Britain and France got the most land

Question 24

Russification

Answer 24

Forcing Russian culture onto all ethnic groups in the Russian Empire and to convert to Russian Orthodox.

Question 25

Opium Wars

Answer 25

War between Great Britain and China over drug trade. Ended with the opening of 5 Chinese ports to foreign merchants and other diplomatic and commercial privileges.

Question 26

Haitian Revolution

Answer 26

Led by Toussaint L’Ouverture, successful overthrow of French rule and set up the first black government in the western hemisphere.