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ARHI 250 > Early Medieval > Flashcards

Early Medieval Flashcards

1
Q

The Celts were located in the East/West

A

West

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2
Q

The Germanic people were located around the _____ sea

A

Baltic

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3
Q

Why was Rome so attractive to the barbarians?

A

It offered security, land, and stability

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4
Q

True or False: The barbarians first started attacking Rome by going straight to the heart of the empire

A

False; they went after the outer territories

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5
Q

Most of Constantine’s troops end up being from where?

A

Germany

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6
Q

It was because of these barbarian “invaders” that mediterranean art starts to spread to the Roman terriroties, including ______.

A

masonry

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7
Q

Describe early Roman art

A

Classical, simple, formal regularity

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8
Q

Describe Germanic art

A

Based on nature, geometric forms (spirals & knots)

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9
Q

The Holcombe Mirror is a good example of Roman art combined with _____ art

A

Germanic

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10
Q

What were the foederati?

A

tribes that were bound by a treaty (foedus /ˈfiːdəs/) to come to the defence of Rome but were neither Roman colonies nor beneficiaries of Roman citizenship

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11
Q

During this time, ______ and _____ motifs become very common.

A

animal; natural

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12
Q

The Goths settled in the former _______ territory in the 2nd and 3rd century, displacing the Celts

A

Scythian

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13
Q

The Goths are known for the ______ they make

A

jewelry

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14
Q

What are fibulae?

A

Safety pins

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15
Q

The Celts incorporated ____ in their jewelry and fibulae

A

gems : )

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16
Q

What’s nice about gemcutting?

A

You can fit a gem wherever you like!

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17
Q

In 345 AD, the Goths abandoned the pagan gods for ______

A

Arianism

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18
Q

What innvasion scatters everybody in the 5th century?

A

The Hunnic invasion

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19
Q

The Hunnic invasion ended in 453 ad, leaving _____ and _____ devastated

A

France; Germany

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20
Q

True or False: Overall, central and northern Europe used separate but occasionally interdepended motifs

A

True! Examples include geometric forms, spirals, animals, natural motifs

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21
Q

After the Hunnic invasinos, the ostrogoths settle in _________ ____

A

northern Italy

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22
Q

When the Ostrogoths settled in Northern Italy, _______ was named vice regent of the empire and turns ______ into an Arian stronghold

A

Theodoric; Ravenna

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23
Q

Who was the leader of the Visigoths who captured and sacked Rome?

A

Alaric

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24
Q

The Visigoths, after sacking Rome, moved to _____

A

France

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25
Q

The Burgundians are located in _______ and __ ____

A

Switzerland; east France

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26
Q

Where are the Franks situated?

A

Germany, France, Belgium

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27
Q

Who was the ruler of the Franks who accepted Christianity on behalf of all Franks in 496 AD?

A

Clovis

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28
Q

The ______ move through France and Spain and settle in Africa around Carthage

A

Vandals

29
Q

The Vandals sacked _____ in 455AD.

A

Rome

30
Q

Although Justinian regains some of the mediterranean Roman territories for Byzantium, the unity did not last as the _______ invade Italy in 568, setting in North Italy

A

Langobards / Lombards

31
Q

True or False: Christianity was not especially accepted and the pope’s authority was questioned

A

False

32
Q

The ostrogoths attempted to imitate and adapt Christian _________

A

iconography

33
Q

In 587, the Visigoth King Reccared converted from Arianism to ________

A

Christianity

34
Q

Why did King Reccared make crowns?

A

He copied Justinian and the Hagia Sophia (which used crowns to symbolize piety and authority)

35
Q

The Langobards invaded Rome in ___, ruining it

A

568

36
Q

Queen Theodelinda ruled the ______ in the 7th century

A

Langobards

37
Q

True or False: Queen Theodelinda of the Langobards followed the Roman church and Pope Gregory the Great

A

True

38
Q

Queen Theodelinda permitted Celtic monks to establish a monastery, which will become centers of ______ and ____ production

A

scholarship; book production

39
Q

The Langobards during the reign of King Luitprand were skilled ______ and ______

A

architects, masons

40
Q

After King ____ dies, the Langobard kingdom doesn’t last long.

A

Luitprand

41
Q

True or False: The Franks became kindhearted and generous Christians

A

…Nah, they were RUTHLESS and GREEDY

42
Q

Who converted the Franks?

A

Clovis

43
Q

The Franks converted to Christianity in order to _____ ________ _____

A

ensure military victory

44
Q

Early Frankish art reflects their _____ origins. The jewelry and weapons are _______ and _____ styles are principle objects

A

tribal; polychrome; animal

45
Q

Cloisonné

A

A technique for decorating metalwork objects with colored material held in place or separated by metal strips or wire, normally of gold

46
Q

Enamel lends itself to these _____ styles of the times

A

abstract

47
Q

What colors is enamel limited to?

A

Green, blue, red, yellow, white

48
Q

Which barbarian tribe began building churches, including the Crypt of St. Paul under the Jouarrer Abbey?

A

The Merovingians

49
Q

With the Merovingian scriptoria, there was a natural desire for a scribe to _______

A

glorify text with art-words and eleborate letters

50
Q

It was common for scribes to turn words and letters into _____ and _____, probably copying the romans

A

birds; fish

51
Q

Who introduced the Agnes Dei symbol to Christian Iconography in late 7th century AD?

A

Pope Sergius

52
Q

The trade and raiding of the Vikings brought Mediterranean influence to _______

A

Scandinavia

53
Q

True or False: Eventually, the Scandinavian artists would give in to the Roman styles of art

A

False; they never lost their abstract animal forms or gave into Christianity

54
Q

What did the Vikings do differently with their fibulae?

A

Chip-carving technique to catch and refract light

55
Q

True or false: The vikings would create new birds and beasts in their art.

A

True.

56
Q

Symbolically, the Viking ship is a huge ____ _______

A

sea serant

57
Q

Vikings were considered instruments of ___ ____

A

God’s wrath

58
Q

What three cities/countries did the Vikings discover and colonize?

A

Dublin, Iceland, Greenland, Newfoundland

59
Q

Conversion of the Vikings was very fast/slow

A

Slow

60
Q

When did the Vikings finally convert to Christianity?

A

960 AD with Harald Bluetooth

61
Q

The picts in ____ made crosses from boulders, adding engraved crosses and symbols

A

Scotland

62
Q

Durrow

A

Development of a specifical Irish, Scottish, northing English style

63
Q

The style of Durrow is called _____

A

hibero-saxon

64
Q

The Goths, Franks, Norse, Celts, Anglosaxons, and other tribes brought a preference for ________, _______ art to the North/South/East/West

A

Dynamic, abstract
North

65
Q

The tribes create forms in motion, full of energy, through the use of _____ and ______.

A

line; color

66
Q

Color and line are employed in the use of the media _____, ______, and ______, with complex engraved, painted, or filigree interlacing

A

gold, jewels, enamel

67
Q

When the tribes came into contact with the Meditteranean world, they adopted _____ motifs and static ___________

A

human; architecture

68
Q

One thing that the barbarian tribes did NOT adopt from the Mediterranean world is the observation of ______

A

reality

69
Q

__________ artists wanted to create art with stability and clarity to nature, while the __________ recreated the complexity and constantly shifting diversity

A

Classical
Germanic and celtic tribes

ARHI 250 (6 decks)

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