Early Medieval Flashcards
The Celts were located in the East/West
West
The Germanic people were located around the _____ sea
Baltic
Why was Rome so attractive to the barbarians?
It offered security, land, and stability
True or False: The barbarians first started attacking Rome by going straight to the heart of the empire
False; they went after the outer territories
Most of Constantine’s troops end up being from where?
Germany
It was because of these barbarian “invaders” that mediterranean art starts to spread to the Roman terriroties, including ______.
masonry
Describe early Roman art
Classical, simple, formal regularity
Describe Germanic art
Based on nature, geometric forms (spirals & knots)
The Holcombe Mirror is a good example of Roman art combined with _____ art
Germanic
What were the foederati?
tribes that were bound by a treaty (foedus /ˈfiːdəs/) to come to the defence of Rome but were neither Roman colonies nor beneficiaries of Roman citizenship
During this time, ______ and _____ motifs become very common.
animal; natural
The Goths settled in the former _______ territory in the 2nd and 3rd century, displacing the Celts
Scythian
The Goths are known for the ______ they make
jewelry
What are fibulae?
Safety pins
The Celts incorporated ____ in their jewelry and fibulae
gems : )
What’s nice about gemcutting?
You can fit a gem wherever you like!
In 345 AD, the Goths abandoned the pagan gods for ______
Arianism
What innvasion scatters everybody in the 5th century?
The Hunnic invasion
The Hunnic invasion ended in 453 ad, leaving _____ and _____ devastated
France; Germany
True or False: Overall, central and northern Europe used separate but occasionally interdepended motifs
True! Examples include geometric forms, spirals, animals, natural motifs
After the Hunnic invasinos, the ostrogoths settle in _________ ____
northern Italy
When the Ostrogoths settled in Northern Italy, _______ was named vice regent of the empire and turns ______ into an Arian stronghold
Theodoric; Ravenna
Who was the leader of the Visigoths who captured and sacked Rome?
Alaric
The Visigoths, after sacking Rome, moved to _____
France
The Burgundians are located in _______ and __ ____
Switzerland; east France
Where are the Franks situated?
Germany, France, Belgium
Who was the ruler of the Franks who accepted Christianity on behalf of all Franks in 496 AD?
Clovis
The ______ move through France and Spain and settle in Africa around Carthage
Vandals
The Vandals sacked _____ in 455AD.
Rome
Although Justinian regains some of the mediterranean Roman territories for Byzantium, the unity did not last as the _______ invade Italy in 568, setting in North Italy
Langobards / Lombards
True or False: Christianity was not especially accepted and the pope’s authority was questioned
False
The ostrogoths attempted to imitate and adapt Christian _________
iconography
In 587, the Visigoth King Reccared converted from Arianism to ________
Christianity
Why did King Reccared make crowns?
He copied Justinian and the Hagia Sophia (which used crowns to symbolize piety and authority)
The Langobards invaded Rome in ___, ruining it
568
Queen Theodelinda ruled the ______ in the 7th century
Langobards
True or False: Queen Theodelinda of the Langobards followed the Roman church and Pope Gregory the Great
True
Queen Theodelinda permitted Celtic monks to establish a monastery, which will become centers of ______ and ____ production
scholarship; book production
The Langobards during the reign of King Luitprand were skilled ______ and ______
architects, masons
After King ____ dies, the Langobard kingdom doesn’t last long.
Luitprand
True or False: The Franks became kindhearted and generous Christians
…Nah, they were RUTHLESS and GREEDY
Who converted the Franks?
Clovis
The Franks converted to Christianity in order to _____ ________ _____
ensure military victory
Early Frankish art reflects their _____ origins. The jewelry and weapons are _______ and _____ styles are principle objects
tribal; polychrome; animal
Cloisonné
A technique for decorating metalwork objects with colored material held in place or separated by metal strips or wire, normally of gold
Enamel lends itself to these _____ styles of the times
abstract
What colors is enamel limited to?
Green, blue, red, yellow, white
Which barbarian tribe began building churches, including the Crypt of St. Paul under the Jouarrer Abbey?
The Merovingians
With the Merovingian scriptoria, there was a natural desire for a scribe to _______
glorify text with art-words and eleborate letters
It was common for scribes to turn words and letters into _____ and _____, probably copying the romans
birds; fish
Who introduced the Agnes Dei symbol to Christian Iconography in late 7th century AD?
Pope Sergius
The trade and raiding of the Vikings brought Mediterranean influence to _______
Scandinavia
True or False: Eventually, the Scandinavian artists would give in to the Roman styles of art
False; they never lost their abstract animal forms or gave into Christianity
What did the Vikings do differently with their fibulae?
Chip-carving technique to catch and refract light
True or false: The vikings would create new birds and beasts in their art.
True.
Symbolically, the Viking ship is a huge ____ _______
sea serant
Vikings were considered instruments of ___ ____
God’s wrath
What three cities/countries did the Vikings discover and colonize?
Dublin, Iceland, Greenland, Newfoundland
Conversion of the Vikings was very fast/slow
Slow
When did the Vikings finally convert to Christianity?
960 AD with Harald Bluetooth
The picts in ____ made crosses from boulders, adding engraved crosses and symbols
Scotland
Durrow
Development of a specifical Irish, Scottish, northing English style
The style of Durrow is called _____
hibero-saxon
The Goths, Franks, Norse, Celts, Anglosaxons, and other tribes brought a preference for ________, _______ art to the North/South/East/West
Dynamic, abstract
North
The tribes create forms in motion, full of energy, through the use of _____ and ______.
line; color
Color and line are employed in the use of the media _____, ______, and ______, with complex engraved, painted, or filigree interlacing
gold, jewels, enamel
When the tribes came into contact with the Meditteranean world, they adopted _____ motifs and static ___________
human; architecture
One thing that the barbarian tribes did NOT adopt from the Mediterranean world is the observation of ______
reality
__________ artists wanted to create art with stability and clarity to nature, while the __________ recreated the complexity and constantly shifting diversity
Classical
Germanic and celtic tribes
