Carolingian Renaissance Flashcards
In 511, the Merovingian King Clovis dies, leaving the empire stable/instable in the hands of _______ successors
instable; incompetent
When did Charles the Great become the sole ruler of the Franks?
771
During 6th century-ish, the Pope declared the right to ________
crown a ruler. Plus he got military assistance in return
At this point, the __________ are still ruling over the east.
Byzantines
Charles Martel becomes the ruler of the Merovingians in 717 and makes Europe safe for ________ by defeating the Muslims
Christianity
How did Charles become the sole ruler of the Franks?
Well, his brother died.
Where was Charlemagne’s court located?
Aachen
True or false: Charlemagne was a very competent ruler, warrior, and administrator
True!
In 774, Charlemagne defends Rome and destroys the ______ kingdom.
Langobard
In 789, Charlemagne orders _____ liturgy rather than native Gallican services in Churches to unify the empire through common worship service.
Roman
During the end of the 8th century, the Church became _________ _____ of the empire when Charlemagne hired his family and friends to ecclesiastical authority
administrative arms (neptism)
What else did Charlemagne do?
Unified monetary system (silver penny)
Oaths and loyalty
Empire divided into counties
Pre-feudalism
In 800 AD, Pope Leo III crowns Charles the ____________
Emperor of the Romans
Renovatio Romani Imperii means _
The Revival of the Roman Empire
Charlemagne becomes the basis of the _______ code
Chivalric
Charlemagne personally led 53 expeditions, and used the loot to pay for _________ and ______.
building programs and art patronage
Charlemagne always fought in the name of ________, so as Constantine, he used religion to enhance political goals
Christianity
The Song of Roland was written about ______
Charlemagne’s defeat of the Moors in 778
A monumental entrance in Carolingian, Ottonian, and Romanesque architecture featuring multiple stories between two towers
Westwork
The architect ____ designed the Aachen complex
Odo of Metz
What were some of the rooms in the Aachen Complex?
Atrium, thermae, judician hall, chapel, audience hall, reception chamber, portico, barracks for the guards, administrative offices, monumental gateway, large forum
Open space surrounded by covered walks or open galleries in monasteries
Cloister
In gratitude to Charlemagne, and previous rulers, the popes allow ______ churches to extract _____ from roman catacombs for northern churches.
Frankish; relics
The Aachen palace has an _____ plan
orderly
The Plan of St. Gall contains the ____ on the axis flanked by __________ buildings
Church; administrative
Surrounding the church in the Aachen palace were auxillary structues, such as _____
kitchens, bakery, brew house, baths, bathrooms, shops, stables, barns, gardens, and living quarters for lay people
During the Carolingian era, the ideal church was a ______ style, with ______ transept, and an ____ at the east and west, providing space for more ______.
basilica, transept, apse, altars
Under the eastern apse of the church of St. Gall was a _____ for relics
crypt
A painting technique in which paint is applied directly onto wet plaster
Fresco
Why was the production of books so important during Carolingian times?
for the revival of learning and propagation of Christian faith
CLM’s educational programs meant that texts had to be ______, ______, and _____
correct, uniform, legible
What do some scholars argue was the most significant and lasting achievement of this period?
Carolingian minuscule
The scribe Godescalc, in 781, created a group of books for the court to commemorate ________, called Godescalc Gospels
CLM’s son’s baptism
The text of the Godescalc Gospels is _________
lectionary
The Godescalc Gospels were inspired by early Christian and Byzantine manuscripts with ______ vellum and ___ text.
purple; gold
True or false: the illustrations of the Godescalc Gospels were completed by the scribe.
False; they were done by a painter
Chiaroscuro
Use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition in art
What is meant by the term illuisionism?
An illusion of reality
The coronation gospels were found by _____ in ____ when ______
Found by Emperor Otto III in the tomb of CLM when he opened it in 1000
What was the name of the artist of the coronation gospel (maybe, anyway)?
Demetrius Presbyter (Greek)
The effect of chiaroscuro modelling by building up forms with _____ _____
thick paint
