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ARHI 250 > Early Byzantine Art > Flashcards

Early Byzantine Art Flashcards

1
Q

During the reign of ________, the capital of the Roman Empire moved to Byzantium

A

Theodosius II

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2
Q

Theodosius II was known for building _____ and commanding ________.

A

city walls; land and sea trade routes

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3
Q

How long was the Byzantine Golden Age?

A

408 AD (with Theodosius II) to end of the 6th century

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4
Q

The city walls of Theodosius were very strong and held until the coming of cannons in ____

A

1453

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5
Q

What were some aspects of Theodosius II’s city walls?

A

Golden Horn
Complex land defense system – alternating walls, terraces, moats
Inner walls
Fortified gates
Independent Towers
Firing platforms
Golden Gate

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6
Q

What was the ancient masonry system used in Theodosius II’s wall?

A

Alternating stone and brick with a core of concrete

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7
Q

What was the primary weakness of Theodosius II’s wall?

A

The Golden Gate

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8
Q

Justinian I ruled the West/East side of the Roman Empire

A

East

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9
Q

What was Justinian I known for during his reign?

A

Defended against invaders
Reorganized govt
Justinianic Code
Regain lost western territory
New west capital = Ravenna
New Tax system (burden!)
Nika rebellion

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10
Q

What destroyed the first Hagia Sophia?

A

The Nika Rebellion

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11
Q

What was the religious sect who was discontent with the orthodoxy during the Byzantine era?

A

Monophysites

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12
Q

Caesaropapism

A

The combination of a secular government with religious power

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13
Q

When was the Second Council of Constantinople?

A

553 AD

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14
Q

Monophysism

A

The Christian doctrine that affirms only the divine nature of Christ and denies the human.

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15
Q

The Transfiguration - Year, medium, location

A

549
Apse mosaic
Church of San Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna

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16
Q

What is important behind the theology of The Transfiguration?

A

It emphasizes the church’s position on the human and divine nature of Christ

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17
Q

The Transfiguration uses many symbols, such as _____

A

The cross, sheep, hand of God, Moses/Elijah, St. Apollinaris

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18
Q

Tell me about the landscaping of The Transfiguration. It is symmetrical/non-symmetical, with _________ units.

A

Symmetrical
Isolated, independent, decorative

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19
Q

The Sacrifice of Isaac - artist, year, medium, location

A

Marianos and Anaias
518 AD
Mosaic pavement
Beth Alpha Synagogue, Galilee

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20
Q

The halls of the synagogues of Galilee and Judea are decorated like ______

A

carpets

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21
Q

Although the Beth Alpha Synagogue of Galilee was destroyed by _______, the _____ was preserved.

A

an earthquake
Floor

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22
Q

What is the theme of The Sacrifice of Isaac?

A

Origin and fulfillment of God’s covenant with His people

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23
Q

How are the figures portrayed in The Sacrifice of Isaac?

A

Full face, but profile legs and feet. Half front view, half profile.

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24
Q

The binding of Isaac in The Sacrifice of Isaac is a symbol of _______ and ______

A

Perfect obedience
God’s promise

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25
Q

The center of the mosaic pavement of The Sacrifice of Isaac has the _______ and personifications of the _____ surrounding the helios

A

Zodiac
Seasons

26
Q

The _______ __ ___ ______ ___ determine the cycle of Jewish festivals

A

movement of the heavenly bodies

27
Q

Sumptuary arts are for the ________

A

wealthy and intellectual elite

28
Q

Hard, white material from tusks and teeth of animals, such as elephants

A

Ivory

29
Q

Diptych

A

Two separate but joined panels

30
Q

Panel of Saint Michael – year, medium, location

A

6th century
Ivory diptych (right leaf)
The British Museum, London

31
Q

True or false: The face of St. Michael conforms to classical ideal in order to keep the Roman legacy alive

A

True

32
Q

St. Michael appears as a ______ ___ rather than a saint

A

classical hero (or orator)

33
Q

Tell me about the Byzantine aspects of Panel of St. Michael

A

no rational space (especially in the steps)

34
Q

The spatial ambiguity is well used in the Panel of St. Michael because ______

A

he is a divine messenger

35
Q

What does the inscription on the Panel of St. Michael say?

A

Receive these gifts, and having learned the cause…

36
Q

The Emperor Victorious - year, medium, location

A

6th century
The Barberini Ivory
The Louvre, Paris

37
Q

Why is it called Barberini ivory? What’s the difference?

A

Complex and imperial

38
Q

The Emperor Victorious contains a combination of ______ and ____ iconography, as is typical in Constantinian art

A

Pagan
Christian

39
Q

The generals in the left (and right?) panels offer ______ to the emperor in The Emperor Victorious

A

statues of victory

40
Q

The bottom panel of The Emperor Victorious contains _______

A

conquered Persians and barbarians
Wild animals

41
Q

The top panel of The Emperor Victorious contains

A

Christ, blessing the emperor, with His power

42
Q

Illuminated Manuscript

A

A formally prepared document where the text is decorated with flourishes such as borders and miniature illustrations

43
Q

Portrait of the author at work with an assistant, and Inspiration - artist, year, medium, location made, current location

A

Dioscorides
512 AD
Illustrated manuscript
Constantinople
Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek, Vienna

44
Q

Portrait of the author at work with an assistant, and Inspiration is also known as ______ ____

A

Vienna Dioscorides

45
Q

Portrait of the author at work with an assistant, and Inspiration is a _____ treatise

A

Scientific

46
Q

In scientific treatise, the illuminations were meant to ______ AND ______ the text

A

clarify
ornament

47
Q

Portrait of the author at work with an assistant, and Inspiration is created in an abstract/realistic style

A

realistic (classical style)

48
Q

The third person in Portrait of the author at work with an assistant, and Inspiration is _____, the power of thought

A

Epinoia

49
Q

Rebecca at the Well – year, medium, location made, current location

A

6th century, illustrated manuscript on purple vellum, Constantinople, Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek, Vienna

50
Q

Rebecca at the Well is also known as ____ _____

A

Vienna Genesis

51
Q

The purple of Rebecca at the Well represents _____

A

royalty

52
Q

The text of Rebecca at the Well is written in ______ or _____

A

silver; gold

53
Q

Rebecca at the Well is a _______ narrative

A

continuous

54
Q

What is happening in Rebecca at the Well?

A

Rebecca is carrying a jug to a personification of water/nymph at a river, then she offers the water to Eliezar and his camels

55
Q

Crucifixion & Holy Women at the Tomb - year, medium, location made, current location

A

586 AD
Illustrated Manuscript on light vellum
Monastery of St. John in Zagba, Syria
Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Florence

56
Q

Both Crucifixion & Holy Women at the Tomb are included in the _____ _____

A

Rabbula Gospels

57
Q

Crucifixion & Holy Women at the Tomb is done in the classical/neoplastic style

A

classical

58
Q

How is Christ depicted in Crucifixion?

A

Mature, alive, regal, triumphant on the cross, modest with purple robe

59
Q

Crucifixion & Holy Women at the Tomb are very narrative-based, in contrast with the ____ mosaics

A

Arian

60
Q

Crucifixion & Holy Women at the Tomb is a response to Arianism/Monophysism

A

Monophysism

61
Q

True or false: Crucifixion & Holy Women at the Tomb depicts these scenes as rooted in the real, natural world.

A

True

62
Q
A

ARHI 250 (6 decks)

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