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World History to the 16th Century > Early Humans > Flashcards

Early Humans Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main theories about the origins of humans?

A

Evolutionism, Creationism, Interventionism

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2
Q

What is the origin of the theory of evolution?

A

Suggested as early as the sixteenth century, given prominence by the English biologist Charles Darwin.

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3
Q

What are some key ideas about evolution?

A

The great variety of plant and animal life on Earth developed gradually through natural processes and natural selection. Began with the Big Bang Theory.

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4
Q

Who were two main people involved with the theory of evolution?

A

Charles Darwin and John Scopes

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5
Q

What are some problems with evolution? [3]

A
  • “missing link” between humans and apes
  • Humans exhibit other traits that wouldn’t help with survival
  • Not proven
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6
Q

What is the origin of creationism?

A

Virtually all religious communities have beliefs about the creation of humans and the world (Bible/Book of Genesis)

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7
Q

What are some key ideas about creationism?

A

Matter and all things were created (the same as they are now) by an all-powerful Creator.

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8
Q

Who are some key groups/people involved with creationism?

A

Fundamentalists (literal Genesis), and God/Writers of the Bible

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9
Q

What are some problems with creationism? [4]

A
  • Where was the creator before they made the universe?
  • Proof of other human-like species existing before humans -Disregards science
  • No observable proof
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10
Q

What is the origin of interventionism?

A

Naturalist Wallace theorized a superior power intervened during the time of Home Erectus to turn it into a creature of physical and spiritual nature. Explains the rapid development of humans as some scientists say evolution is too gradual and slow to account for such a change.

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11
Q

What are some key ideas about interventionism?

A

Humans evolved to the Homo Erectus stage, and then a superior race changed them into humans.

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12
Q

Who are some key people involved with interventionism?

A

Albert Russel Wallace, Albert Einstein, and Jeffrey Goodman.

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13
Q

What are some problems with interventionism? [4]

A
  • Who created the superior power?
  • Why would they choose to intervene?
  • Lack of evidence toward evolution is only evidence to support this theory
  • No observable proof
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14
Q

What is the scientific study of the past as revealed by artifacts left by ancient people?

A

Archaeology

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15
Q

What is the study of past geologic periods especially known from fossil and bone remains?

A

Paleontology

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16
Q

In which two continents are most species of early man found?

A

Europe and Africa

17
Q

The Paleolithic Age may also be called what?

A

The old stone age

18
Q

What was the most significant defining characteristic of the paleolithic era?

A

The peoples relied on hunting and gathering for subsistence.

19
Q

When did the Great Leap Forward begin?

A

Around 35,000 years ago

20
Q

What was the Great Leap Forward?

A

A period when human evolution picked up considerably and our ancestors began to evolve at a much faster rate, and the time when modern anatomy began developing.

21
Q

What are some significant changes that took place during the Great Leap Forward? [8]

A

Social organization, building huts, hunting groups, burying the dead, more sophisticated hunting techniques, rudimentary language, creating clothing from animal hides, and artistic and symbolic expression.

22
Q

What traits were humans beginning to possess after the Great Leap Forward? [4]

A

Planning, presight, creativity, and abstract thinking.

23
Q

What does neolithic mean?

A

New Stone Age

24
Q

What was the Neolithic Revolution?

A

When people changed from hunter-gatherers to food producers.

25
Q

What were some effects of the Neolithic Revolution? [6]

A
  • Could form larger permanent settlements
  • Allowed them to focus on things other than food production
  • Began to develop skilled trades (pottery, sewing, metal-workers, carpenters, etc.)
  • Marked the beginning of trade and new methods of transportation
  • Permanent settlements brought organised governments (chief elected to take care of and protect area)
  • Chiefs responsible for political and religious workings in settlement.
26
Q
A

NAME: Altamira Caves “Bison”

LOCATION: Santander, Spain

TIME PERIOD: Paleolithic (14,000 - 12,000 BC)

SIGNIFICANCE:

  • Shows proof of foresight and planning
  • Developing fine motor skills (fine lines in painting)
  • No people (putting more importance on animals), could believe if they paint bisons they’ll show up.
  • Thought it could bring them good luck in hunting
27
Q
A

NAME: Caves of Lascaux “Chinese Horse”

LOCATION: Dordogne, France

TIME PERIOD: Paleolithic (15,000 - 13,000 BC)

SIGNIFICANCE:

  • Capable of depicting animals in different sizes and appearances.
  • Large herd tells us there were a lot of those kind of animals, and they were of some importance to humans
  • Possibly using horse as target practice, proof of foresight, sign of predestination.
28
Q
A

NAME: Venus of Willendorf

LOCATION: Willendorf, Austria

TIME PERIOD: Paleolithic (28,000 - 23,000 BC)

SIGNIFICANCE:

  • Represents womanhood/fertility
  • Emphasis put on childbearing attributes (wide hips, enlarged stomach and breasts)
  • Woman put in role of carrier of species
  • When did men become more important than women?
29
Q
A

NAME: Venus Figure Laussel

LOCATION: Dordogne, France

TIME PERIOD: Paleolithic (23,000 - 20,000 BC)

SIGNIFICANCE:

  • No face? Referencing women’s role in society as bearer of children and nothing else? Or fell off?
  • Women holding (bison?) horn, shows people beginning to make things with other things
30
Q
A

NAME: Five Warriors

LOCATION: Castallan, Spain

TIME PERIOD: Paleolithic (7,000 - 4,000 BC)

SIGNIFICANCE:

  • Begin to differentiate between facial features
  • Headresses/masks show different social standings
  • Shows leadership, organization, ritual
  • Tells us society’s becoming organized.
  • Feathers could demonstrate success, seperate tribes, rank, age, etc.
31
Q
A

NAME: Jericho Skull

LOCATION: Jericho, Middle East

TIME PERIOD: Neolithic (7,000 - 6,000 BC)

SIGNIFICANCE:

  • Beginning of the monumental sculpture in the ancient Near East and the advent of the concept of individual portraits
  • Starts showing specific facial features
  • Shows a control of the environment
32
Q
A

NAME: Catal Huyuk

LOCATION: Anatolian Plateau (Turkey)

TIME PERIOD: Neolithic (6,000 - 5,900 BC)

SIGNIFICANCE:

  • Twelve successive building levels
  • Tells us a lot about people living there, what they ate, how they lived, etc.
33
Q
A

NAME: Seated Goddess

LOCATION: Catal Huyuk

TIME PERIOD: Neolithic (5,900 BC)

SIGNIFICANCE:

  • Marking on arms could mean deity, ceremonial
  • Face likely would have had more detail.
34
Q
A

NAME: Stonehenge

LOCATION: Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England

TIME PERIOD: Neolithic (2000 BC)

SIGNIFICANCE:

  • Widely thought to have been an observatory
  • Why and how it was built is still unknown
35
Q
A

NAME: Caves of Lascaux “Hall of the Bulls”

LOCATION: Dordogne, France

TIME PERIOD: Paleolithic (15,000 - 13,000 BC)

SIGNIFICANCE:

  • Large herd tells us there are, there are a lot of them, and that they were of some importance to humans
  • Humans capable of depicting animals in different sizes and appearances.

World History to the 16th Century (7 decks)

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