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World History to the 16th Century > Byzantine > Flashcards

Byzantine Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Constantine I accomplish in his reign?

A
  • 313, Edict of Milan, established Christian tolerance
  • Ruled by Roman law/politics
  • Latin/Greek spoken (schools preserved culture/knowledge, Church developed literacy/philosophy)
  • Built a lot of things
  • Imported a lot of Greco-Roman art.
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2
Q

What was the significance of Theodosius? [4]

A
  • Succeeded Constantine
  • Last Emperor to rule over both halves of the Empire
  • Campaigned against Goths and barbarians
  • Made Christianity compulsory
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3
Q

What was the significance of Justinian? [6]

A
  • Reorganized gov’t of Roman Empire
  • 534, Codex Justinianus
  • Sent Roman troops to conquer: Africa from the Vandals, Italy from the Ostrogoths, Spain from the Visigoths
  • Supported Christian orthodoxy (fought to eliminate remaining Greco-Roman paganism).
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4
Q

What is the significance of Theodora? [3]

A
  • Wife of Justinian, co-empress
  • Used to be an exotic dancer
  • Convinced Justinian to stay in Constantinople during the Nika riots.
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5
Q

What is the significance of Attila the Hun? [7]

A
  • Dubbed “flagellium dei” (scourge of god)
  • Expanded rule of the Huns to include many Germanic tribes
  • Attacked Eastern Roman Emperor in wars of extraction
  • Never invaded Constantinople or Rome.
  • Significant figure in causing the fall of the Western Roman Empire
  • Commanded vast army of warriors composed of different tribes
  • Brilliant horseman and military leader
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6
Q

Which three cultures shaped the Middle Ages?

A

Roman, Barbarians, and Christians

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7
Q

What three empires dominated the Middles Ages?

A

Byzantine (Romans), Arab (Islamic), Frankish (Merovingian and Carolingian Dynasties)

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8
Q

What happened in the Merovingian Kingdom? [3]

A
  • 509 AD, Kingdom united under King Clovis
  • Ruled for 200 years
  • Clovis converted to Christianity, first King of Franks to be recognized by the Pope
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9
Q

What happened in the Carolingian Kingdom? [2]

A
  • Begins with Pepin the Short

- Charlemagne becomes King in 768 AD

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10
Q

Where did the Vikings come from?

A

Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Finland)

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11
Q

What happened with the Vikings? [2]

A
  • First invaded Britain in 793

- William the Conqueror became King of England in 1066 after the Battle of Hastings.

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12
Q

What was the significance of Charlemagne? [4]

A
  • Expanded Frankish Empire
  • Introduced reforms
  • Dec. 25th 800 AD, became first Holy Roman Empire
  • Role: protector of the Catholic Church
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13
Q

What were Charlemagne’s six reforms?

A
  • Education
  • Monetary Standard
  • Grammar/punctuation
  • Religious laws (made Christianity mandatory)
  • Sought revival of the arts
  • Strong government
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14
Q

Who were Iconoclasts?

A

People who thought icons were evil

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15
Q

What is an icon?

A

Image of a religious figure

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16
Q

Define iconoclasm.

A

The belief that worshipping icons was a superstitious practice akin to worshipping idols, which the Bible expressly forbids.

17
Q

Describe the code of chivalry.

A

A code of behaviour that combined Christian values and the virtues of a noble warrior.

18
Q

Describe the early middle ages. [3]

A
  • 476-1050
  • Period of perpetual strife among various Germanic people
  • Little development
19
Q

Describe the late middle ages. [3]

A
  • 1050-1450
  • More stable society develops
  • Growth in agriculture and trade
20
Q

What were the crusades?

A

A series of military campaigns ordered by various Popes against the Saracens (Christian Arabs, Turks, Moors, and Muslims)

21
Q

How many crusades were there? When were they?

A

First Crusade: 1096
Second Crusade: 1147
Third Crusade: 1187
Fourth Crusade: 1202

22
Q

Who was involved in the Hundred Years’ War? What were the event that led to it? [4]

A
  • France and England
  • English had land that French wanted
  • Trade disputes
  • King Edward III laid claim to the French throne
23
Q

State the feudal system hierarchy.

A

King -> Greater Lords -> Lesser Lords -> Knights -> Townspeople -> Serfs

24
Q

How did the feudal system provide stability? [3]

A
  • Regulated distribution of wealth
  • Ensured protection of all people
  • Provided a social hierarchy
25
Q

What was the Inquisition?

A

A court and process of the Roman Catholic Church setup to discover and punish hearsay which wielded immense power and brutality.

26
Q

Why was their conflict between the Church and the State?

A

They sought to limit each other’s power

27
Q

What are some classic features of Byzantine art?

A
  • Colouring
  • Body Positioning
  • Mosiacs

World History to the 16th Century (7 decks)

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