Early Heart Terminology

Question 1

Angioblastic cords

Answer 1

groups or columns of embryonic precursor cells which will form the walls of both arteries and veins

Question 2

Aortic Arch Arteries

Answer 2

Each early developing pharyngeal arch contains a lateral pair of arteries arising from the aortic sac, above the heart and running into dorsal aorta. Later development of these arch arteries are extensively remodeled to form specific components of the vascular system.

Question 3

Bulbus Cordis

Answer 3

a region of the early developing of the heart tube forming the common outflow tract, will differentiate to form three regions of the heart.

Question 4

Cardiac Jelly

Answer 4

the initial gelatinous connective tissue separating the myocardium and the heart tube endothellium

Question 5

Cardiogenic region

Answer 5

the area in the embryo where the precursor cells for heart development lie

Question 6

Connective tissue

Answer 6

fibrous tissue that acts to support body structures or bind other forms of tissue

Question 7

Dorsal Aortae

Answer 7

two largest arteries either side of the midline which later fuse to form the descending portion of the aorta

Question 8

Endocardial Heart Tubes

Answer 8

two tubes formed from the cardiogenic plate in the developing embryo. These form the primordium of the truncus arteriosus, atrium and ventricles

Question 9

endocardium

Answer 9

epithelial membrane lining of the inside of the heart. originated at the mesoderm

Question 10

Endothelium

Answer 10

a simple squamous epithelium lining blood vessels

Question 11

Epicardium

Answer 11

the outer layer of heart tissue

Question 12

left horn of sinus venosus

Answer 12

the left side of the sinus venosus collecting blood from half of the paired veins.
diminishes and becomes small coronary sinus

Question 13

Pericardial coelom

Answer 13

the anatomical body cavity in which the heart lies. the pericardial cavity forms in the lateral plate mesoderm above the buccopharyngeal membrane, as part of the early intraembryonic coelom.
This is initially continuous with the two early pleural cavities.

Question 14

primitive atrium

Answer 14

common cavity in the upper portion of the developing heart. Later divides to form the left and right atria.

Question 15

primitive ventricle

Answer 15

common cavity in the lower portion of the developing heart. later divides to for the left and right ventricles

Question 16

Right horn of sinus venosus

Answer 16

The right side of venosus collecting blood from half of the paired veins
Later dilates, receiving all the veins, and right atrium becomes the sinus venarum of the right atrium.

Question 17

sinus Venosus

Answer 17

an early developmental structure, thin walled cavity, forming the input to developing heart which has 3 venous inputs.
Later it gets incorporated into the wall of the future

Question 18

Splanchnic Mesoderm

Answer 18

Gastrointestinal tract associated mesoderm formed by the seperation of the lateral plate mesoderm into two separate components by a cavity, intraembryonic coloem.

Question 19

truncus arterious

Answer 19

outflow structure, that will form pulmonary artery and aorta
Also describes the malformation of the cardiac outflow pattern, where only one artery arises from the heart and forms the aorta and pulmonary artery

Question 20

Dorsal Mesocardium

Answer 20

the mesentery attaching the heart to the dorsal wall of the pericardial coelom.
This breaks down to form a space known as transverse pericardial sinus.

Question 21

Inflow Tract

Answer 21

entrance of blood into the heart tube;

the sinus venosus portion of the tube

Question 22

Outflow Tract

Answer 22

Exit of blood from the heart tube formed by the truncus arteriosus

Question 23

name 3 venous inputs that develop from the sinus venosus

Answer 23

vitelline vein
umbilical vein
common cardinal vein

Question 24

transverse pericardial sinus

Answer 24

dorsal area within the pericardial coelom, initially occupied by the dorsal mesocardium

Question 25

aortic valve

Answer 25

three-leaflet valve located at the junction between the left ventricle and aortic entrance

Question 26

bulbar ridges

Answer 26

endocardial cushion tissue located in the bulbus cordis extending into the truncus arteriosus thus forming ridges.
these fuse together to form the aoticopulmonary septum.

Question 27

mitral valve

Answer 27

two leaflet valve

on left side of heart

Question 28

papillary muscles

Answer 28

small muscles found on the inner myocardium of the ventricles.
serve to limit movement

Question 29

pulmonary valve

Answer 29

three leaflet valve located at the junction between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Question 30

Semilunar valves

Answer 30

located between aorta and left ventricle

between pulmonary artery and right ventricle

Question 31

trabeculae

Answer 31

muscular beams located within the ventricles and part of the atria