Blood Vessels and Circulation Conditions Flashcards
heart weighs
310g
hypertension
greater than 140/90
aortic dissection / dissecting aneurysm
blood surges through a tear into the middle layer of the aorta
aneurysm
a weak point in a blood vessel wall
Bp pushes weakend section of an arterial wall outward
hemorrhaging
severe blood lost
CV system adjusts to blood lost
maintain blood pressure
restore blood volume
(kidneys will retain H2O to maintain pressure)
shock
when the body is not getting enough blood flow
can damage multiple organs
hypovolemic shock
inadequate blood volume
3 short term responses to hemorrhage
carotid and aortic reflexes
sympathetic nervous system
hormonal effects
carotid and aortic reflexes
(short term hemorrhage response)
increase cardiac output
everything goes to the heart
sympathetic nervous system
(short term hemorrhage response)
constricts arterioles
venoconstriction improves venous return
hormonal effects
(short term hemorrhage response)
increase cardiac output
increase peripheral vasoconstriction
4 long term responses to hemorrhage
remove fluids from interstitial space
fluid retention and reabsorption
thirst increases
increase RBC production
arteriosclerosis
hardening of the arteries
thickens the wall of arteries and has loss of elasticity
atherosclerosis
plaque build up in vessel
type of arteriosclerosis
increased risk factors for atherosclerosis
high BP
high cholesterol
diabetes
obesity
smoking
stenosis
abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or valves
thrombus
blood clot that forms in a vein
embolus
travels through the blood vessels until it reaches a vessel that is too small to let it pass
angina
type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle
symptoms: squeezing pressure, heaviness, tightness and pain
stable angina
develops when your heart works harder
dissapears sooner if you rest or use meds
unstable angina
occurs even at rest
unexpected
lasts longer
might signal a MI
Myocardial Ischemia
blood flow to your heart muscle is decreased by blockage
reduces hearts oxygen supply
myocardial infarction
blockage of coronary blood flow
can cause: angina, tissue damage, heart failure or death
angioplasty
non surgical technique that uses catheters and small stents to keep the arteries open
stroke
sudden lost of brain function
causes neurons to die
stops blood flow
venous insufficiency
problems sending blood from the legs back to the heart
pulmonary Edema
abnormal buildup of fluid in the air sacs of the lungs
leads to shortness of breath
caused by congestive heart failure
3 age related changes in blood
decreased hematocrit
blood clots
blood pooling
5 age related changes in the heart
reduced max cardiac output
changes in nodal and conducting cells
reduced elasticity of fibrous skeleton
progressive atherosclerosis
replacement of damaged cardiac muscle cells by scar tissue
3 age related changes in blood vessels
arteries become less elastic (pressure cause aneurysm)
calcium deposits on vessel walls (cause stroke or infarction)
thrombi can form
