cardiovascular stuctures and function

Question 1

the heart is located in the ______________

Answer 1

middle mediastinum

Question 2

the base of the heart lies beneath which rib

Answer 2

2nd rib (mostly left)

Question 3

the apex of the heart is located

Answer 3

in the 5th intercostal space

Question 4

pericarditis

Answer 4

an infection of the pericardium

Question 5

pericardium

Answer 5

surrounds and protects the heart and retains its position in mediastinum

Question 6

3 layers of the pericardium

Answer 6

1. fibrous
2. parietal
3. visceral

Question 7

fibrous pericardium

Answer 7

• very dense and non flexible connective tissue
• helps protect and anchor the heart

Question 8

two divisions of serous pericardium

Answer 8

parietal layer

visceral layer

Question 9

parietal layer

Answer 9

adheres to the fibrous pericardium

Question 10

visceral layer (epicardium)

Answer 10

inner layer that adheres to the surface of the heart

Question 11

epicardim contains _________ & _________ vessels

Answer 11

blood and lymphatic

Question 12

myocardium

Answer 12

striated skeletal muscle

Question 13

endocardium

Answer 13

lines the chambers

decreases friction

Question 14

4 foundations of the fibrous skeleton of the heart

Answer 14

1. wheres the heart valves attach
2. point of intersection for cardiac muscle
3. prevent overstetching of the valves
4. acts as an electrical insulator

Question 15

auricle

Answer 15

pouchlike structure on the anterior surface of the heart

Question 16

Sulci

Answer 16

series of grooves on the surface of the heart

Question 17

coronary sulcus

Answer 17

marks the external boundary between superior atria and inferior ventricle

(white branches)

Question 18

how is the right ventricle shaped

Answer 18

pouch shaped

Question 19

right atrium receives blood from

Answer 19

superior vena cava

inferior vena cava

coronary sinus

Question 20

fossa ovalis`

Answer 20

an oval depression of the septa

(an opening between the two atria at birth)

Question 21

another name for the tricuspid valve

Answer 21

right atrioventricular valve

Question 22

trabeculae corneae

Answer 22

bundle of cardiac muscles that convey part of the conduction system

Question 23

papillary muscles

Answer 23

the muscles that hold the cordae tendinae

Question 24

ventricles have thicker walls because

Answer 24

they deliver blood under high pressure over longer distance

Question 25

pressure

Answer 25

dictates blood flow

Question 26

AV valves project into the ___________ when open

Answer 26

ventricle

Question 27

what happens to the valves during ventricular contraction

Answer 27

pressure of the blood drives the cusps upward until their edges meet and close the opening

at the same time the chordae muscles contract which prevents the cusps from opening into the atria

Question 28

semilunar valves attach

Answer 28

to the arterial wall bu its convex outer margin

Question 29

semilunar valves open when

Answer 29

when the pressure in the ventricles exceed the pressure in the arteries

Question 30

has no muscular support

Answer 30

semilunar valves

Question 31

aortic sinuses

Answer 31

at base of ascending aorta

prevent valves cups from sticking to aorta

Question 32

carditis

Answer 32

inflammation of the heart

Question 33

stenosis

Answer 33

opening of the valve is narrowed

Question 34

regurgitation

Answer 34

failure of valves

causes backflow

Question 35

S1

Answer 35

the closing of AV valves at the start of ventricular systole

Question 36

S2

Answer 36

sound of closing the semilunar valves at the end of ventricular systole

Question 37

murmurs

Answer 37

the sound of blood flow through the valves