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Italian History > Early Failures 1830-47 > Flashcards

Early Failures 1830-47 Flashcards

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1
Q

who ruled central duchies in 1830s

A

small parts austria

most dukes and duchesses

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2
Q

who ruled in modena and hapsburg (central duchies)

A

Duke Francis IV

hated all liberals

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3
Q

who was the Duke of Tuscany in 1830s

A

Ferdinand III
improved education
allowed freedom of expression

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4
Q

where is florence located

A

tuscany

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5
Q

which italian city was the most ‘civilised’

A

florence

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6
Q

who was the duchess of parma

A

Marie Louise
enlightened ruler
didnt allow reactionary policies

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7
Q

who ruled Piedmont Sardinia in 1830s

A

Victor Emmanuel I

absolute monarch

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8
Q

what was the capital Piedmont

A

Turin

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9
Q

what was Piedmont Sardinia like in 1830s

A

economically advanced
anti french
strong army
church power-education

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10
Q

who lost their positions in piedmont after napoleon was defeated

A

middle class
lost jobs
(free and open trials were abolished)

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11
Q

who controlled lombardy and venetia

A

Austria

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12
Q

what was lombardy like 1830s

A

economically and culturally advanced
some representative gov
heavy taxation

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13
Q

what amount of austrians revenue came from tax from lombardy and venetia

A

1/4

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14
Q

who controlled the papal states in 1830s

A

pope pius VII

austrian troops stationed to protect him(+conservatism)

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15
Q

what are zealots

A

hardline popes

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16
Q

after pope pius VII who took over

A

series of zealots

had tight control on gov,ed+culture

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17
Q

what was inquisition and where was it used

A

a court

used for torture+execution against heretics (people who had opinions at odds wi majority)

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18
Q

what did the pope not allow in the papal states and why

A

railways + telegraphs

they spread new ideas

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19
Q

who controlled two sicilies in 1830s

A

ferdinand I
ignored calls for a constitution
oppressive rule

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20
Q

what was two sicilies like in 1830s

A

corrupt gov
strict censorship
reduced spending on schools

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21
Q

what did the two sicilies suffer from in 1830s

A

malaria
famine
infertile land

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22
Q

who did king ferdinand 1 marry

A

austrian princess

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23
Q

north south divide

A

n-textiles+ some industry

s- inferior soil, malaria, landless poor

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24
Q

what % of population spoke the italian language

A

2.5%

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25
Q

what % of italians worked on the land

A

90%

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26
Q

why were secret societies weak before 1848

A

divided aims
lack of organisation
small
to spread out

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27
Q

what type of people made up secret societies

A

students, lawyers, teachers, well educated middle class

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28
Q

what are the characteristics of members of a secret society

A

idealists
rogues
criminals

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29
Q

what were the different secret societies called

A

carbonari
federati
aldelfi

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30
Q

The Carbonari

A

active in south
60,000 members in naples (5% adult population)
spread to papal states+piedmont

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31
Q

What did the carbonari want

A

Gain constitution
More rights from the monarch
Anti Austrian

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32
Q

What did the aldelfi and federati want

A

Anti Austrian
Favoured constitution gov
More moderate than carbonari

33
Q

Why did the 1830-32 revolutions fail

A 
Local 
Not organised 
Reliant on secret societies 
Moderate 
Divided aims
Austrian strength
34
Q

What triggered the 1830 revolutions in 1830

A

Revolution in France 1830
Charles X abdicates
Replaced by Louise Phillipe more liberal

35
Q

What did Italian revolutionaries hope Louise phillipe would do

A

Support revolutions in Italy

36
Q

What was the main aim of all the 1830 revolution attempts

A

Gain constitution

37
Q

Who led the 1830-32 revolt in Modena and Parma

A

Enrico Misley

38
Q

How did the did Francis IV respond when Enrico Misley told him of plans to united italy free from Austria

A

Had him arrested

Went to Austria to ask help if their were further revolts

39
Q

What happened when Francis IV went to Austria

A

Revolutionaries took over Modena

Established provision gov

40
Q

What did Marie Louise do when students started demanding a constitution in Parma

A

Fled

A provisional gov was established

41
Q

What happened to the provisional governments set up in Modena and Parma

A

Crushed by Austrian force led by Francis IV

Duchess returned to Parma

42
Q

What were the revolts in 1830-32 in the Papal States about

A

More against church than for united Italy

‘The gov of Italian Provinces’ formed in Bologna 1831

43
Q

What did The Government Of Italian Provinces promise in Bologna (Papal states)

A

Elected assembly
Reformed finance system
Fairer legal system

44
Q

What happened to the gov set up in Papal States in 1831

A

Crushed by Austrians

45
Q

why could nationalism not work before 1848

A

divided aims

Austrian strength/view of political group

46
Q

what did nationalist believe

A

people of same race, language and culture should be united in an independent nation

47
Q

what did liberalism favour

A

some monarchy

others republic

48
Q

what aims were liberals trying to achieve and how

A

say in gov
rule of law
non violent

49
Q

what did radicals and republicans want and how would they achieve it

A

social reform
redistribution of wealth
use violence

50
Q

why did Austria not like political groups

A

easier for them to divide and rule

people were loyal to locals

51
Q

what was the aim of the risorgimento

A

spread anti Austrian message

52
Q

what was wrong with the risorgimento

A

only appealed to upper/middle class

53
Q

give examples of things in the risorgimento which spread an anti Austrian message

A

operas
books e.g Verdi’s book
congress of science

54
Q

how were nationalist views on leadership divided before 1848

A

balbo+charles albert
Gioberti+reform of Pius IX
Massimo d’Azeglio
Giusseppe Mazzini

55
Q

what did Balbo argue

A

moderate nationalist

only piedmont strong enough to reclaim Lombardy+venetia

56
Q

in what book did Balbo argue for a federation of Italian states+ Piedmont was the only state strong enough to lead

A

the hope of Italy 1844

57
Q

what were the albertisti

A

group which believed Charles albert should be the new king of the unified Italy

58
Q

what did the albertisti disagree about

A

whole of Italy or just north

59
Q

what book did Gioberti write which argued for the pope to lead Italy

A

primato

sold 5000 copies

60
Q

what did gioberti argue

A

the pope and church should lead national revival

federation of states with pope the president

61
Q

what did Gioberti say about Austria + revolution

A

doesn’t mention expulsion of Austria

hated revolution

62
Q

what was the phrase used to describe the pope and the church leading a national revival

A

neo-guelphism

63
Q

when was pope pius IX elected

A

1846

64
Q

what did pop pius IX do in 1846 when he was elected

A

freed 2000 political prisoners
reformed education
ended press censorship
rome allowed constitution

65
Q

what was the consulta

A

elected body of advisors

66
Q

where was the consulta

A

in rome

67
Q

what did Massimo d’Azeglio argue

A

watched revolt against church fail

confirmed only Charles albert could unite

68
Q

what book did Massimo d’Azeglio write

A

on recent events in Romagna 1846

69
Q

when was young Italy formed

A

1830

70
Q

who formed young Italy

A

Giuseppe Mazzini

71
Q

how many members did young Italy have in 1831

A

50,000

72
Q

where was young Italy’s first revolt

A

genoa

73
Q

when did young Italy attempt to invade savoy

A

1834

74
Q

what happened in 1844 in Naples

A

Bandiero brothers shot

75
Q

who did Mazzini convert into supporting him

A

Garibaldi

76
Q

what was wrong with Mazzini’s ideas

A

moderates saw him as radical
attitude stopped france supporting them
alienated rich and rulers
too intellectual

77
Q

why did Mazzini alienate rulers

A

was a republican

78
Q

how long in total was Mazzini absent from Italy for

A

40

Italian History (5 decks)

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