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Italian History > Consolidating The Kingdom of Italy > Flashcards

Consolidating The Kingdom of Italy Flashcards

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1
Q

what were the main problems stopping Italy being unified by 1871

A 
foreign powers
death of Cavour+political instability 
papacy
southern question 
piedmontisation 
brigands war 
economic and social backwardness
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2
Q

how was foreign powers preventing Italy from unifying by 1870

A

French troops rome

Austrian army venetia-supported by great powers

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3
Q

how was austrains power weakened by Prussia

A

Prussia+france free trade treaty 1862

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4
Q

what was the September convention

A

1864
evacuate rome in return for capital move from Turin to Florence
Italian gov agreed, people rioted 23 dead

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5
Q

how was the death of Cavour and political weakness stopping Italy from unifying

A

june 1861 Cavour dead
other PMs weren’t as good
parliament was corrupt

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6
Q

who followed after Cavour as PM

A

Ricasoli, Ratazzi, Minghetti, La Marmora

Farini tried to stab king

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7
Q

who made up parliament after Cavours death

A

piedmontese nobility

443 members

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8
Q

how did the papacy prevent Italy from unifying

A

fractious cohabitation relationship

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9
Q

fractious cohabitation

A

uneasy relationship between church and state

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10
Q

syllabus of errors

A

church controlled ed, science and culture

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11
Q

what did the state do to church taxation

A

1866 increased it and took church property

pope lost 2/3 land in unification process

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12
Q

what did the pope declare in 1869

A

he was prisoner of the Vatican

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13
Q

why did the southern question stop Italy unifying by 1871

A

plebicites showed people wanted rid of tyranny+revolts not unification
they were corrupt
south was too different to north

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14
Q

what was introduced across the whole of Italy but didn’t work in the south

A

Casati law- compulsory primary education

south were illiterate

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15
Q

why would southerners feel resentment toward piedmont

A

garibaldis promised land reform+improved living standards didn’t happen
any opposition to piedmont was crushed

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16
Q

examples of corrupt plebicites

A

Nice- no slips weren’t bough to station

people didn’t know what they were voting yes for

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17
Q

how did piedmontisation stop Italy from unifying

A

piedmont systems everywhere, not regard for regional differences
piedmont constitution
(Tuscany wanted their own)
same weights+measures, laws, coinage

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18
Q

why were religious people upset by piedmontisation

A

education paid for by attacking the church

dissolution 2382 monasteries stopped areas having charity organisations

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19
Q

why was Cavour ignorant to the south

A

never travelled further than tuscany

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20
Q

why was piedmontisation not successful in the south

A

didn’t administer the region well

lack of resources

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21
Q

who got Tuscany their separate legal system and customs in the short term

A

Ricasoli

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22
Q

how fast did naples get piedmontised

A

legal system changed 53 decrees in 2 days

23
Q

what started the brigands war

A

increase taxs for 2.5 mill lire debt
conscription introduced
public opinion against victor Emmanuel

24
Q

how many people avoided conscription in the south

A

25000 took to the hill

25
Q

who made up the brigands army

A

unemployed
ex bourbon soldiers
convicts
1862 82000 brigands

26
Q

how did economic and social backwardness stop Italy from being fully unified

A

conservative attitude
elites didn’t want social change
borrowing money was immoral
foreign debt, prevented growth

27
Q

what unpopular taxes were introduced

A

1865 flour tax

1868 grist tax (milling of corn)

28
Q

what fraction of Italian bonds were in foreign hands

A

over 1/3 by mid 1860s

29
Q

how much of the deficit took up state expenditure

A

1866 60%

30
Q

what% of produce was sold to pay of foreign debt per year

A

30%

31
Q

where were there no railways

A

Sardinia and sicily

32
Q

how did Garibaldi attempt to gain venetia

A

Italian freedom association attempted uprisings

stopped by gov 1864

33
Q

why did relations between Austria and Prussia decline

A

Austria violated joint sovereignty of region

34
Q

who offered to buy venetia

A

La Mamora PM

1000 million lire

35
Q

who did Italy negotiate with over Austria

A

Prussians (Bismarck)
Italy get venetia in return for war contribution
Italy joined war 4 days after 20th june 1866

36
Q

Battle of Custozza

A

24th june
bad Italian organisation
25% of army never reached front line

37
Q

results of the war Italy+prussia Vs Austria

A

france secretly told Austria would stay neutral in return for venetia
French handed this to Italy
plebiscite- only 69 rejected

38
Q

what did the September convention state about Rome

A

pope could raise army 10000 for protection return French would leave after 2 years
Italians wouldn’t attack rome

39
Q

when did garibaldi attack rome

A

1862+1867
French troops left in 66 but returned till 1870
garibaldi was defeated

40
Q

which war enable Italy to get rome

A

Franco Prussian war

41
Q

how did Italy use the franco Prussian war to get rome

A

said wouldn’t help france unless rome was prize

French refused this, withdrew rome troops to fight Prussia

42
Q

when did the Italian army siege rome

A

September 1870

43
Q

what factors were dividing Italy until 1871

A

social and economic problems
papacy
political disunity+irredentism

44
Q

what were the factors uniting Italy by 1871

A

monarchy
civil service
army
local government

45
Q

how did economic factors divide Italy by 1871

A

lack of capital+skilled labour
lack of power in south
de-industrialization in south
northern competition

46
Q

how did social factors divide Italy by 1871

A

22.7% infant mortality before 1st bday
50% died before 5th bday
poverty
unemployment

47
Q

how was the papacy dividing Italy by 1871

A

prisoner of Vatican

catholics refused to take part in political process

48
Q

what laws did piedmont grant the pope which he ignored

A

own postal service
full religious powers
annual compensation

49
Q

how was Italy politically divided by 1871

A

2.2% vote
60% of those eligible to vote did
republican uprisings
irredentists

50
Q

who were irredentists

A

people promoted unification of geographic areas where indigenous ethnic Italians formed a majority

51
Q

how was the monarchy uniting Italy by 1871

A

VE fully supported kingdom, couldn’t pass laws without parliament
monarchy by 1870-symbol of unity,stability+anti-radicalism

52
Q

how was the civil service uniting Italy by 1871

A

lack of corruption
unified customs-helped economic unity
economy+education control by civil service stop divisions

53
Q

how did the local government unite Italy by 1871

A

25,000 military police
18,000 local police
bigger local govs took on more debt than smaller ones

54
Q

how did the army help unite Italy by 1871

A

1870-215,000 (2 mill reserves)
fought under name ‘italians’
regiments were constructed with troops wi more than state

Italian History (5 decks)

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