1848 Revolutions

Question 1

how did social and economic division hinder unification

Answer 1

language+culture

north richer

Question 2

who were the Reformisti

Answer 2

group of reformers, believed if Austria go Italy would flourish

Question 3

what ideas did Reformisti put forward

Answer 3

common monetary system

wanted federation, opposed republic

Question 4

what was the life expectancy in Naples in 1840s

Answer 4

24

Question 5

what were the causes of the failure of the 1848 revolutions

Answer 5

growth of liberalism 
reforms of pius IX 
unpopularity of Austrians 
social discontent+economic problems 
weakness of nationalism

Question 6

how did the growth of liberalism cause the 1848 revolutions

Answer 6

statuto from Charles albert boosted drive for unification

Question 7

what showed a move towards unity by Charles albert

Answer 7

joined a customs union with pope pius IX + supported his reforms

Question 8

when was the statuto presented

Answer 8

1847

Question 9

what did pius do which inspired the 1848 revolutions

Answer 9

question justice system
enter customs union, Tuscany and Piedmont
1848 denied Austrians right to cross papal states

Question 10

when did tensions start with Austrian troops

Answer 10

when troops occupied the town of ferrara (permitted to do this 1815 treaty of Vienna)
pope launched formal complaint

Question 11

what was wrong with peasant farming

Answer 11

inefficient

vulnerable to foreign competition

Question 12

what led to riots and protests amongst peasants

Answer 12

lost communal land to wealthier classes
Europe wide harvest failures 1846-47
bad living standards

Question 13

what did the harvest failure create shortages of

Answer 13

maize and wheat, led to high food prices

Question 14

why were peasants angry at the rulers in naples

Answer 14

blamed them for 1836 cholera outbreak

killed 65,000 people

Question 15

who rises up in sicily in 1848 revolutions

Answer 15

peasants go to parlemo to support uprising

5,000 army reinforcements

Question 16

what temporary change happened in sicily as a result of the revolution

Answer 16

provisional gov

parliament is elected-declares sicily and naples are separate. not concerned with national unity

Question 17

how does Ferdinand crush the uprisings in sicily

Answer 17

20000 troops
parliament surrender after 3 days
sicily+ naples reuinited

Question 18

who got the nickname king bomba

Answer 18

Ferdinand

Question 19

what started revolution in naples

Answer 19

heard of Sicilian revolutions
public records burnt
some bourbon officials killed

Question 20

what happened as a result of revolutions in Naples

Answer 20

conservative constitution granted

still a repressive police state

Question 21

what did Pius issue because he didn’t want to upset Austria

Answer 21

allocution, war with Austria doesn’t have his blessing

Charles albert is the aggressor

Question 22

what makes the pope flee in November 48

Answer 22

his anti liberal pm count rossi is murdered by a mob

Question 23

what happens in the papal state once the pope has fled

Answer 23

revolutionary gov under galletti
tax reform
election for a constituent assembly
rome set up as a republic

Question 24

which battle is piedmont defeated in march 1849

Answer 24

Battle of Novara

Question 25

when Mazzini arrives in rome who does he join

Answer 25

armellini and saffi

create triumvirate

Question 26

what do the Triumvirate do in 1849 when they have control of rome

Answer 26

reform laws
clear slums
end church control of education

Question 27

who put rome under siege in 1849

Answer 27

20,000 French troops

Question 28

why did revolutions break out in Lombardy

Answer 28

tobacco prices

people boycotted

Question 29

what was the revolution called in Lombardy/piedmont in 1848

Answer 29

five glorious days
10,000 people presented petition for liberal reforms to Austrian governor in milan
Austrian commander Radetsky withdrew back to quadrilateral

Question 30

what did Lombardy do after Radetsky withdrew to quadrilaterals

Answer 30

asked piedmont for alliance+protectiona against Austrian backlash

Question 31

who joined Charles albert in a war against Austria (when he moved into Lombardy)

Answer 31

naples soldiers led by Pepe

papal states army led by Durando `

Question 32

what was the weakness of Charles albert during the fight against Austria

Answer 32

only accepted army recruit who swore loyalty to piedmont

Question 33

which battle was Charles albert and his allies defeated at

Answer 33

Custozza July 1848

Question 34

what happened to Charles albert after his defeat at the battle of custozza

Answer 34

expelled from Lombardy

sign armistice of salasco 11th August 1848

Question 35

what happens in the 1848 revolutions in venetia

Answer 35

revolution breaks out
Metternich resigns
republic under Daniel Manin
forced to surrender- hunger+cholera

Question 36

when did Charles albert abdicate

Answer 36

march 1849

Question 37

what two battles did Charles albert have during the 1848 revoltuions

Answer 37

battle of custozza july848

battle of Novara march 1849

Question 38

who replaced Charles albert in march 1849

Answer 38

Victor Emmanuel II

Question 39

how much did piedmont have to pay Austria after being defeated after custozza

Answer 39

65 million francs

Question 40

what were the reasons for the failure of the 1848 revolutions

Answer 40

intervention of foreign powers
weakness of piedmont 
lack of popular support 
pope
lack of international support

Question 41

intervention of Austria (reason for failure)

Answer 41

custozza+novara victories inspite of all revolts (had to withdraw from Lombardy into venetia) 
restored rulers (leopold II)

Question 42

intervention of France (reason for failure)

Answer 42

Louis Napoleon wanted to be favourable with domestic catholics
wanted to look like helping to restore pope
strong military defeated roman republic

Question 43

weakness of piedmont (reason for failure)

Answer 43

Charles albert didn’t accept recruits
pope allocution
intentions of Charles albert, preventing republics in venice+milan spreading to piedmont? not unity

Question 44

lack of revolutionary support (reason for failure)

Answer 44

milan+venice=constitution+independence
rome+venice=republics
piedmont=focus on Austria 
sicily peasants=food shortages 
middle class milan=tobacco prices

Question 45

lack of international support (reason for failure)

Answer 45

britian+france mediators

Charles albert over estimated French support

Question 46

how long did the armistice of salasco last

Answer 46

less than nine months

Question 47

pope (reason for failure)

Answer 47

april 1848 allocution
short term trigger
undermined revolutions

Question 48

positive results of 1848 revolutions

Answer 48

statuto kept
piedmonts territorial integrity
piedmont attracted 30000 political refugees in Turin +Genoa in 1850s

Question 49

negative results of 1848 revolutions

Answer 49

Austrians military dominance stronger 
venetian republic under tighter control
most constitutions suppressed
pope denounced reforms 
French troops occupied Rome
didn't achieve aims