Early development of the ectoderm

Question 1

What is the prochordal plate?

Answer 1

An area at the cephalic end of the embryo where the ectoderm and endoderm fuse - this will become the bucopharyngeal membrane

Question 2

What is the cloacal plate?

Answer 2

An area at the caudal end of the embryo where the ectoderm and endoderm fuse - this will become the coacal membrane

Question 3

What develops from the proencephalon?

Answer 3

The telencephalon (cerebral cortex) and diencephalon (hypothalamus, thalamus, epithalamus)

Question 4

What is the proencephalon?

Answer 4

The forebrain

Question 5

What is the mesencephalon?

Answer 5

The midbrain

Question 6

What is the rhombencephalon?

Answer 6

The hindbrain

Question 7

What develops from the rombencephalon?

Answer 7

The metancephalon and the myencephalon

Question 8

What develops from the telencephalon?

Answer 8

The cerebral cortex

Question 9

Which embryonic structure does the cerebral cortex develop from?

Answer 9

The telencephalon

Question 10

Which embryonic structure does the hypothalamus develop from?

Answer 10

The diencephalon

Question 11

What develops from the diencephalon?

Answer 11

Hypothalamus, epithalamus, thalamus

Question 12

Which structures develop from the metencephalon?

Answer 12

The pons and cerebellum

Question 13

Which structures develop from the myencephalon?

Answer 13

The medulla oblongata

Question 14

Which embryonic structure does the medulla oblongata develop from?

Answer 14

The myencephalon

Question 15

Which embryonic structure does the pons develop from?

Answer 15

The metencephalon

Question 16

Which embryonic structure does the cerebellum develop from?

Answer 16

The metencephalon

Question 17

What is the difference between the metencephalon, myelencephalon and mesencephalon?

Answer 17

Metencephalon - pons and cerebellum
Myencephalon - medulla oblongata
Mesencephalon - mid brain

Question 18

What is the role of the notochord?

Answer 18

It promotes the formation of neuroectoderm (the neural plate) and therefore the formation of the neural tube

Question 19

How is the notochord formed?

Answer 19

Cells migrate from the primitive node to form the notochordal plate which folds to form the notochord

Question 20

Define neuralation

Answer 20

The process in embryology that describes the formation of the spinal cord and brain

Question 21

Which structures are derived from neural crest cells?

Answer 21

The structures of the peripheral nervous system, as well as the connective tissues of the face and bones of the skull, adrenal medulla, melanocytes, meninges