Early development of the ectoderm Flashcards
What is the prochordal plate?
An area at the cephalic end of the embryo where the ectoderm and endoderm fuse - this will become the bucopharyngeal membrane
What is the cloacal plate?
An area at the caudal end of the embryo where the ectoderm and endoderm fuse - this will become the coacal membrane
What develops from the proencephalon?
The telencephalon (cerebral cortex) and diencephalon (hypothalamus, thalamus, epithalamus)
What is the proencephalon?
The forebrain
What is the mesencephalon?
The midbrain
What is the rhombencephalon?
The hindbrain
What develops from the rombencephalon?
The metancephalon and the myencephalon
What develops from the telencephalon?
The cerebral cortex
Which embryonic structure does the cerebral cortex develop from?
The telencephalon
Which embryonic structure does the hypothalamus develop from?
The diencephalon
What develops from the diencephalon?
Hypothalamus, epithalamus, thalamus
Which structures develop from the metencephalon?
The pons and cerebellum
Which structures develop from the myencephalon?
The medulla oblongata
Which embryonic structure does the medulla oblongata develop from?
The myencephalon
Which embryonic structure does the pons develop from?
The metencephalon
Which embryonic structure does the cerebellum develop from?
The metencephalon
What is the difference between the metencephalon, myelencephalon and mesencephalon?
Metencephalon - pons and cerebellum
Myencephalon - medulla oblongata
Mesencephalon - mid brain
What is the role of the notochord?
It promotes the formation of neuroectoderm (the neural plate) and therefore the formation of the neural tube
How is the notochord formed?
Cells migrate from the primitive node to form the notochordal plate which folds to form the notochord
Define neuralation
The process in embryology that describes the formation of the spinal cord and brain
Which structures are derived from neural crest cells?
The structures of the peripheral nervous system, as well as the connective tissues of the face and bones of the skull, adrenal medulla, melanocytes, meninges
