Cardiovascular system Flashcards
When does the primitive heart begin to beat?
At 21 days
where is the ductus venosus?
Connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava
Which blood vessel in the fetus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava?
The ductus venosus
What does the ductus venosus become after birth?
Ligamentum venosum
What does the ligamentum venosum derive from?
The ductus venosus
How does blood divert from right to left atria in fetal life?
Foramen ovale
What does the foramen ovale become after birth?
Fossa ovalis
How does the foramen ovale close after birth?
Functional closure due to change in atrial pressure
In fetal life, which has a higher pressure - right or left atrium?
Right atrium
Where is the ductus arteriosus?
Between the pulmonary artery and the aorta
What is the vessel from the pulmonary artery to the aorta in fetal life?
Ductus arteriosus
What does the ductus arteriosus become after birth?
Ligamentum arteriosus
What do the umbilical arteries form after birth?
Medial umbilical ligaments
What do the umbilical arteries connect to?
Internal iliac and vesical arteries
What causes Wharton’s jelly to contract?
Drop in temperature
What does the umbilical vein become after birth?
Ligamentum teres found in the falciform ligament
Where is the ligamentum teres located?
In the falciform ligament
What happens to the right atrial pressure after birth?
It reduces because pressure in the pulmonary artery reduces significantly
What is the ligamentum teres derived from?
The umbilical vein
How long does it take for the umbilical vein to involute?
First few days of life
How long does it take for the ductus venosus to involute?
First few days of life
How long does it take for the foramen ovale to close?
First few minutes of life
What causes the ductus arteriosus to close?
Absence of prostaglandin E2 produced by the placenta causes constriction of the ductus arteriosus
What keeps the ductus arteriosus open during fetal life?
Prostaglandin E2 produced by the placenta
How long does it take for the ductus arteriosus to close?
In the first hours of life the ductus arteriosus closes
How would you keep the ductus arteriosus patent after birth?
Prostaglandins
How do you treat a patent ductus arteriosus in a preterm baby?
Give NSAIDs to induce vasoconstriction - indomethacin infusion or ibuprofen
what is the role of indomethacin in PDA closure?
Used to close a PDA in pre-term babies
How is a PDA treated in term babies?
Surgical treatment
At term how much blood of the uterine blood supply goes to the uterus?
90%
What is the main structure for bypassing the pulmonary circulation in fetal life?
Foramen ovale
How do you keep the PDA open until surgery?
Give a prostaglandin E2 analogue called alprostadil
