Cardiovascular system

Question 1

When does the primitive heart begin to beat?

Answer 1

At 21 days

Question 2

where is the ductus venosus?

Answer 2

Connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

Question 3

Which blood vessel in the fetus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava?

Answer 3

The ductus venosus

Question 4

What does the ductus venosus become after birth?

Answer 4

Ligamentum venosum

Question 5

What does the ligamentum venosum derive from?

Answer 5

The ductus venosus

Question 6

How does blood divert from right to left atria in fetal life?

Answer 6

Foramen ovale

Question 7

What does the foramen ovale become after birth?

Answer 7

Fossa ovalis

Question 8

How does the foramen ovale close after birth?

Answer 8

Functional closure due to change in atrial pressure

Question 9

In fetal life, which has a higher pressure - right or left atrium?

Answer 9

Right atrium

Question 10

Where is the ductus arteriosus?

Answer 10

Between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

Question 11

What is the vessel from the pulmonary artery to the aorta in fetal life?

Answer 11

Ductus arteriosus

Question 12

What does the ductus arteriosus become after birth?

Answer 12

Ligamentum arteriosus

Question 13

What do the umbilical arteries form after birth?

Answer 13

Medial umbilical ligaments

Question 14

What do the umbilical arteries connect to?

Answer 14

Internal iliac and vesical arteries

Question 15

What causes Wharton’s jelly to contract?

Answer 15

Drop in temperature

Question 16

What does the umbilical vein become after birth?

Answer 16

Ligamentum teres found in the falciform ligament

Question 17

Where is the ligamentum teres located?

Answer 17

In the falciform ligament

Question 18

What happens to the right atrial pressure after birth?

Answer 18

It reduces because pressure in the pulmonary artery reduces significantly

Question 19

What is the ligamentum teres derived from?

Answer 19

The umbilical vein

Question 20

How long does it take for the umbilical vein to involute?

Answer 20

First few days of life

Question 21

How long does it take for the ductus venosus to involute?

Answer 21

First few days of life

Question 22

How long does it take for the foramen ovale to close?

Answer 22

First few minutes of life

Question 23

What causes the ductus arteriosus to close?

Answer 23

Absence of prostaglandin E2 produced by the placenta causes constriction of the ductus arteriosus

Question 24

What keeps the ductus arteriosus open during fetal life?

Answer 24

Prostaglandin E2 produced by the placenta

Question 25

How long does it take for the ductus arteriosus to close?

Answer 25

In the first hours of life the ductus arteriosus closes

Question 26

How would you keep the ductus arteriosus patent after birth?

Answer 26

Prostaglandins

Question 27

How do you treat a patent ductus arteriosus in a preterm baby?

Answer 27

Give NSAIDs to induce vasoconstriction - indomethacin infusion or ibuprofen

Question 28

what is the role of indomethacin in PDA closure?

Answer 28

Used to close a PDA in pre-term babies

Question 29

How is a PDA treated in term babies?

Answer 29

Surgical treatment

Question 30

At term how much blood of the uterine blood supply goes to the uterus?

Answer 30

90%

Question 31

What is the main structure for bypassing the pulmonary circulation in fetal life?

Answer 31

Foramen ovale

Question 32

How do you keep the PDA open until surgery?

Answer 32

Give a prostaglandin E2 analogue called alprostadil