Early Colonization Continued Flashcards
Puritanism
A protestant movement led by English Calvinists who wanted to purify the Roman Catholic practices. All Puritans believed they had a covenant with God. Both Separatists and Congregationalists did not tolerate religious persecution.
Separatists
A Puritan group who believed the Church of England was incapable of reform. Wanted to start fresh in the New World, and came over on the Mayflower and created a new settlement called Plymouth made up of ‘Pilgrims’.
Mayflower Compact
An agreement signed by the pilgrims on the Mayflower (including leader William Bradford) that established a basic legal system for the colony. Created legal authority and assembly. Asserted government’s power comes from consent of the governed and not from God (as monarchists and Absolutists believed). 1620
Massachusetts Bay
Established in 1629 by Congregationalists (they were strict Calvinists). Led by Governor John Winthrop, it developed along Puritan ideals. Wanted it to be a “city upon a hill”, aka a model for others to look up to. Their Protestant work ethic led to the development of a market economy. (Marking how New England would become a commercial center)
Congregationalists
Puritans who wanted to reform the Anglican church from within.
Puritan “Rebels”
Roger Williams
Anne Hutchinson
Roger Williams
Taught that church and state should be separate. Puritans banished him, and he created Rhode Island - had freedom of religion.
Anne Hutchinson
Supported ‘antinomianism’ - belief that faith and God’s grace (without moral law and good deeds) is enough to earn a place among the ‘elect.’
Banished.
New England vs. Chesapeake
NE - families settled. Lived longer lives, strong sense of community, no slavery, more religious
Chesapeake - single males settled. Tobacco as a cash crop, settled farther apart because of farms, used slavery
Proprietorship
A colony owned by an individual, usually a land gift from the king.
5 Examples of Proprietorship Colonies
Connecticut, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Carolina
Maryland
Lord Baltimore - create a colony for Catholics, also wanted to profit from Tobacco. To populate land, he offered religious toleration.
Act of Toleration
1649 - act passed by Maryland’s government to protect the religious freedom of most Christians, but situation in Maryland still was violent between religions.
New York
Gift to James (the king’s brother). New York territory was taken from the Dutch (was previously called New Netherlands).
Pennsylvania
Founded by William Penn, a Quaker. Created religious freedom and many civil liberties. Recruited settlers through advertising. Attempted to treat natives friendlier than most colonies.
Quaker
Anglican radicals.
North Carolina
Settled by Virginians
South Carolina
Settled like Barbados, primary export was sugar. Used slavery.
Eventually most of the proprietary colonies turned into….
Royal Colonies.
The Pequot War
(1636-1638) Pequots resisted English incursions into their land, and attacked a settlement in Wakefield. MA Bay colony retaliated by burning the main Pequot village, killing 400. Near destruction for the Pequots.
Decline of Huron Confederacy
(1634-1649) Smallpox and conflicts with other tribes for fur rights made their numbers dwindle. Huron were allies with the French.
King Philip’s War
(1675-1678) Metacomet, leader of Wampanoag natives, were surrounded by white colonists who wanted to convert them to Christianity. Formed an alliance with other tribes but alliance destroyed a number of English settlements but alliance fell apart.
Pueblo Revolt
1680 - Spanish tried to maintain control in the Southwest. Pueblo people led a successful revolt against the Spanish, driving the remaining settlers out of the region. The Spanish returned in 1692, but were more accommodating to the Pueblo.
Triangular Trade Route/Middle Passage
Middle Passage - middle leg of triangular trade route, conditions for Africans were terrible.
Why did slavery flourish in the South?
Labor intensive crops: tobacco, rice, and indigo were harvested.
