Early Colonization Continued

Question 1

Puritanism

Answer 1

A protestant movement led by English Calvinists who wanted to purify the Roman Catholic practices. All Puritans believed they had a covenant with God. Both Separatists and Congregationalists did not tolerate religious persecution.

Question 2

Separatists

Answer 2

A Puritan group who believed the Church of England was incapable of reform. Wanted to start fresh in the New World, and came over on the Mayflower and created a new settlement called Plymouth made up of ‘Pilgrims’.

Question 3

Mayflower Compact

Answer 3

An agreement signed by the pilgrims on the Mayflower (including leader William Bradford) that established a basic legal system for the colony. Created legal authority and assembly. Asserted government’s power comes from consent of the governed and not from God (as monarchists and Absolutists believed). 1620

Question 4

Massachusetts Bay

Answer 4

Established in 1629 by Congregationalists (they were strict Calvinists). Led by Governor John Winthrop, it developed along Puritan ideals. Wanted it to be a “city upon a hill”, aka a model for others to look up to. Their Protestant work ethic led to the development of a market economy. (Marking how New England would become a commercial center)

Question 5

Congregationalists

Answer 5

Puritans who wanted to reform the Anglican church from within.

Question 6

Puritan “Rebels”

Answer 6

Roger Williams

Anne Hutchinson

Question 7

Roger Williams

Answer 7

Taught that church and state should be separate. Puritans banished him, and he created Rhode Island - had freedom of religion.

Question 8

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 8

Supported ‘antinomianism’ - belief that faith and God’s grace (without moral law and good deeds) is enough to earn a place among the ‘elect.’
Banished.

Question 9

New England vs. Chesapeake

Answer 9

NE - families settled. Lived longer lives, strong sense of community, no slavery, more religious
Chesapeake - single males settled. Tobacco as a cash crop, settled farther apart because of farms, used slavery

Question 10

Proprietorship

Answer 10

A colony owned by an individual, usually a land gift from the king.

Question 11

5 Examples of Proprietorship Colonies

Answer 11

Connecticut, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Carolina

Question 12

Maryland

Answer 12

Lord Baltimore - create a colony for Catholics, also wanted to profit from Tobacco. To populate land, he offered religious toleration.

Question 13

Act of Toleration

Answer 13

1649 - act passed by Maryland’s government to protect the religious freedom of most Christians, but situation in Maryland still was violent between religions.

Question 14

New York

Answer 14

Gift to James (the king’s brother). New York territory was taken from the Dutch (was previously called New Netherlands).

Question 15

Pennsylvania

Answer 15

Founded by William Penn, a Quaker. Created religious freedom and many civil liberties. Recruited settlers through advertising. Attempted to treat natives friendlier than most colonies.

Question 16

Quaker

Answer 16

Anglican radicals.

Question 17

North Carolina

Answer 17

Settled by Virginians

Question 18

South Carolina

Answer 18

Settled like Barbados, primary export was sugar. Used slavery.

Question 19

Eventually most of the proprietary colonies turned into….

Answer 19

Royal Colonies.

Question 20

The Pequot War

Answer 20

(1636-1638) Pequots resisted English incursions into their land, and attacked a settlement in Wakefield. MA Bay colony retaliated by burning the main Pequot village, killing 400. Near destruction for the Pequots.

Question 21

Decline of Huron Confederacy

Answer 21

(1634-1649) Smallpox and conflicts with other tribes for fur rights made their numbers dwindle. Huron were allies with the French.

Question 22

King Philip’s War

Answer 22

(1675-1678) Metacomet, leader of Wampanoag natives, were surrounded by white colonists who wanted to convert them to Christianity. Formed an alliance with other tribes but alliance destroyed a number of English settlements but alliance fell apart.

Question 23

Pueblo Revolt

Answer 23

1680 - Spanish tried to maintain control in the Southwest. Pueblo people led a successful revolt against the Spanish, driving the remaining settlers out of the region. The Spanish returned in 1692, but were more accommodating to the Pueblo.

Question 24

Triangular Trade Route/Middle Passage

Answer 24

Middle Passage - middle leg of triangular trade route, conditions for Africans were terrible.

Question 25

Why did slavery flourish in the South?

Answer 25

Labor intensive crops: tobacco, rice, and indigo were harvested.