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APUSH EXAM > Conflict and American Independence (1754-1800) > Flashcards

Conflict and American Independence (1754-1800) Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Albany Plan of Union

A

Developed by Ben Franklin (1754)
Reps from 7 colonies met
Goals: make intercolonial gov. and negotiate with Iroquois
Result: Fail because colonies did not want to relinquish control of their right to tax themselves or unite under single colonial legislature, British mad at Indians

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2
Q

Seven Years’ War

A 
1754-1763
A.K.A French and Indian War
Cause: Ohio Valley
Sides: French and Indians vs. British
Result: British won - taking over North America and most of Canada (France kept a couple sugar islands)
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3
Q

William Pitt

A

English Prime minister during Seven Years’ War
Supported colonies, encouraged them to join war effort, promised some autonomy
THEN change in minister, colonies = angry

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4
Q

Pontiac’s Rebellion

A

Indian chief Pontiac rallied tribes in Ohio Valley and attacked several colonial outposts
(in response, Paxton Boys)

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5
Q

Paxton boys

A

Frontiersmen in PA who killed men from the Pontiac Rebellion tribe

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6
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Forbid settlement west of Appalachians
Agitated colonial settlers
ALSO marks end of salutary neglect

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7
Q

Reasons for new taxes after war

A

Britain felt colonies should help pay off war debt

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8
Q

George III and George Grenville

A

King and Prime Minister in Britain after war

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9
Q

Mercantilism

A

Idea that colonies were only there to benefit the bigger country
Export raw materials

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10
Q

Sugar Act
Navigation Acts
Currency Act
Stamp Act

A

Acts that imposed taxes or regulations on trade

All created discontent within colonies

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11
Q

James Otis

A

wrote The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved - colonists’ argument against taxes

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12
Q

Sons of Liberty

A

Protest group

Stamp act repealed, but colonies not given right to representation

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13
Q

Townshend Acts

A

Taxed goods imported directly from England

Created more Vice-Admiralty courts

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14
Q

Massachusetts Circular Letter

A

By Samuel Adams
Protest new measures
British ordered letter to NOT be discussed, only made it worse

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15
Q

Boston Massacre

A

result of Quartering Act, soldiers were occupying and tensions high.
Soldiers fired on a crowd, killing 5
Started a propaganda campaign

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16
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

Result of Parliament composing new taxes for the colonies (this time on tea), and the colonists dumped the tea into the water

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17
Q

Coercive Acts

A

Result of Boston Tea Party
AKA - Intolerable Acts
Closed Boston harbor except for essential trade
Tightened English control

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18
Q

First Continental Congress

A

1774
Came up with a list of laws they wanted repealed and agreed to boycott British goods until they did so.
Also set up limits for when Parliament could interfere/
Major step towards independence.

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19
Q

Battle at Concord

A

Minutemen versus the British redcoats
Result: minutemen won, huge for colonists
“Shot heard round the world”

20
Q

Loyalists

A

Gov. Officials, devout Anglicans, merchants dependent on trade with England, religious and ethnic minorities

21
Q

Patriots

A

White protestant property owners and gentry

Urban artisans

22
Q

Second Continental Congress

A

Established Continental Army, with Washington as General

Also had the *Olive Branch Petition written by John Dickinson

23
Q

Olive Branch Petition

A

John Dickinson
Last attempt to avoid armed conflict
King George III rejected it

24
Q

Common Sense

A

by Thomas Paine
Wanted colonial independence
Very popular, spoke in a language colonists could understand

25
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Thomas Jefferson
Enumerated grievances
Individual liberty

26
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

Turning point in American revolution
Victory for American troops
French gov. agreed formal alliance with Continental Congress

27
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A

End to American Revolution

28
Q

Treaty of Paris 1783

A

1783

Granted US independence and territorial rights.

29
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

1777
Contained major limitations (didn’t want to act like British government)
Could not impose tariffs, printed more money instead (inflation)

30
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

Shays faced foreclosure by banks, wanted to take over the courthouses. Revealed resentment among classes. (Similar to Bacon’s rebellion and Whiskey Rebellion)

31
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

Abolished slavery in Northwest territories, set regulations for territories to become states

32
Q

Annapolis Convention

A

Became the Constitutional Convention

33
Q

Constitution was a combination of… (Called the “Great Compromise”

A

The New Jersey and Virginia Plan

34
Q

Anti-federalists

A

Opposed the Constitution - Bill of Rights was made to appease them

35
Q

Federalist Papers

A

Written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay

Swayed opinion in New York towards the Constitution

36
Q

Washington Presidency

A
  • Whiskey Rebellion
  • Hamilton Fiscal Plan -National Bank, assume all war debts
  • French Revolution - Neutrality Proclomation
37
Q

Federalist v. Democratic-Republican

A

Federalists - Strong federal government, commerce, wealthy northeast, loose construction, more sympathetic towards Great Britain
Democratic-Republican - State power, strict construction, farmers, agriculture, sympathetic towards France

38
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

Farmers resisted excise tax on whiskey. Washington sent troops to stop rebellion.

39
Q

Jay’s Treaty

A

Washington sent Jay to make a treaty with G. Britain, Washington set precedent for executive priveledge

40
Q

Washington Farewell Address

A
  1. Neutrality

2. Stay away from political parties

41
Q

Republican Motherhood

A

1790s

New important civil role to raise virtuous students.

42
Q

John Adams Presidency

A

Federalist

  • XYZ Affair
  • Alien and Sedition Acts
43
Q

XYZ Affair

A

Adams
Instead of going to war with France, sent diplomats
France demanded a huge bribe, angered Americans
War was avoided, but did have a Quasi Naval War to end issues

44
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

Adams
Limited freedom of the press/expression/speech
Purely political

45
Q

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

A

Written by Madison and Jefferson
Gave states right to judge constitutionality of federal laws
Declared Alien and Sedition Acts void

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