Early Classic Period-Grout

Question 1

Enlightenment

Answer 1

indiviual faith/reason and knowledge could solve social problems

Question 2

Vienna

Answer 2

cosmopolitan center of culture/ Metastasio was imperial poet/ Hasse composed to M’s libretti

Question 3

Johann Hasse

Answer 3

(1699-1783) German great master of opera seria/ married Faustina Bordoni (1700-1781) majority of 80 operas use Metastasio librettos

Question 4

Christoph Willibald von Gluck

Answer 4

1714-1787 Vienna local and Paris/ transformed da capo/ make overture an integral part of oopera/ reform liberties taken by singers/ lessen contrast between aria and recit. / influenced Cherubini Spontini Berlioz

Question 5

Antonio Salieri

Answer 5

1750-1825 Italian

Question 6

Florian Gassmann

Answer 6

1729-1774 Bohemian

Question 7

Early Classic period

Answer 7

beginning around 1730/ mature styles of Haydn and Mozart/ 1720-1800/ noble simplicity;perfection of form; freedom from excesses of ornamentation and frill

Question 8

Rococo

Answer 8

early decades of the Classic period/architectural term; heavier more monumental

Question 9

Galant

Answer 9

freer and more chordal music style; emphasis on melody with short reapeated motives; organized in 2 3 or 4 bar phrases; lightly accompanied with simple harmony; not contrapuntal/ Hasse; Pergolesi

Question 10

Empfindsamkeit

Answer 10

sentimentality ot sensibility; surprising turns of harmony; chromaticism; Vivaldi (1676-1741) Pergolesi (1710-1736) CPE Bach (1714-1788)

Question 11

Alberti bass

Answer 11

broke underlying chords into a simple repeating pattern of short notes; discreet chordal background

Question 12

Emotional contrasts

Answer 12

abandoned idea of one affectation per mvt. Feelings in a constant state of flux

Question 13

Opera buffa

Answer 13

dramma giocoso; dramma comico; commedia in musica/ generally stock characters from commedia dell’arte/ comic characters often spoke or sang in dialect/comic cast complemented by serious characters around which plot revolved

Question 14

Intermezzo

Answer 14

type of comic opera performed between mvts of a longer serious opera or play/ Pergolesi (1710-1736) La serva padrona 1752 Querelle des Buffons (with Rameau)

Question 15

Mature comic opera

Answer 15

Carlo Goldoni (1707-1793) librettist and poet/ rise of bass voice/ Piccini/ Paisiello/ cimarosa/ Galuppi

Question 16

opera’ comique

Answer 16

french/ beginning around 1710/ mainly collections of popular tunes / rose with querreles des buffons 1752/ spoken dialogue rather than recit

Question 17

Querrelle des bouffons (1752)

Answer 17

a pamphlet war between partisans of Italian and French opera; basically over the suitability of the French language for song

Question 18

Comic Opera in England

Answer 18

ballad opera/ beggar’s opera (1728) popular tunes and parodies of popular arias/ Thomas Arne (1710-1778)

Question 19

Comic Opera in Germany

Answer 19

singspiel/ important precursor to German language music theater from Mozart to Weber/ Hiller; Ditter von Dittersdorf

Question 20

Opera seria

Answer 20

Metestasio (court poet in Vienna) usu 3 acts w/ recits arias duets larger ensembles not a lot of chorus/ recitativo semplice-harpsichord/obbligato-w/orchestra

Question 21

da capo aria

Answer 21

Opening ritornello/A1/Rit/A2/Rit/B/Da capo al fine/ Handel (1685-1759) Pergolesi (1710-1759) Porpora (1686-1768)

Question 22

German Lied Classic

Answer 22

Die siegende Muse an der Pleisse 1736 Berlin strophic/ syllabic/simple acc. And melodies