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Art History > Early Christian Ireland > Flashcards

Early Christian Ireland Flashcards

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1
Q

how many crosses are there in ireland and how old are they

A

300 crosses, 1000 years old

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2
Q

what were the early stone crosses carved on

A

flat stone slabs or pillars

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3
Q

what were early crosses made of

A

wood

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4
Q

what were most big crosses carved out of around the year 1100

A

one big rock

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5
Q

what are the earliest examples of this

A

stone slabs, and later the stones have arms with a circle surrounding the arms

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6
Q

what were placed near early monastic sites

A

slabs of stone incised with a symbol of the cross

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7
Q

what were later crosses called

A

high crosses

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8
Q

what is the art on high crosses similar to

A

that on gold ornaments also made by the monks

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9
Q

how was ireland influenced by design

A

Ireland was the only country not invaded by the romans. instead, roman influences reached Ireland through trade with Roman colonies. Ireland accepted the new concepts, symbols and forms of Christianity by adding the new to the old

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10
Q

what was carved onto most crosses

A

stories from the bible

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11
Q

why are the bible stories significant

A

people would gather around the crosses to listen to monks explain about the life of jesus. most people were illiterate at this time

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12
Q

what were the functions of the high crosses

A

-symbol to the christian community of the ressurection of christ - land markers of the bounderies of sacred areas in the monastry -symbolise local saints by characterising them on the crss by depicting the old testament figures with similar traits to the saint -teaching aids to teach people bible stories -displays of wealth

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13
Q

when is the reask pillar from

A

early 5th century

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14
Q

describe the from and designs of the reask pillar

A

carved on one side only, maltese cross inscribed in a circle,supported on a stand of celtic spiral movement, DNE on left side (lord in latin)

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15
Q

what are the functions of the reask pillar

A

set up for pilgrims to pray

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16
Q

what is evident in the use of the maltese cross on the reask pillar

A

christian missionary travels to europe and the east

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17
Q

where do we see evidence of celtic infulence on the early christian period on the reask pillar

A

the spirals were used consistantly throughout the Stone age, Bronze age and Iron Age

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18
Q

where is the reask pillar located

A

Co. Kerry

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19
Q

where is the duvillaun slab located and when is it from

A

co mayo, 5th century

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20
Q

describe the duvillaun slab

A

carved on both sides; maltese cross in circle and a representation of the crucifixion. artist incorporated the spiral into the design

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21
Q

fahan mura slab where and when

A

co donegal, 7th century

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22
Q

what is the fahan mura slab

A

one of the first free standing stone crosses

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23
Q

where is the f m slab found

A

near the Cardonagh cross, co. Donegal

24
Q

what is the fm slab cut into the shape of

A

the cross

25
Q

what is the form of the fm slab

A

cross shape is formed by little shoulders in place of arms

26
Q

descibe the design on the fm slab

A

only early inscription of greek in ireland. carved with broad ribbon interlacing, similar to that found on book of durrow

27
Q

describe the low relief on the fm slab

A

the surface area of the slab has been cut back allowing the cross to stand out in low relief

28
Q

what has been carved onto both sides of the fm slab

A

the form of a greek cross with a stem, in a decorative manner in an elaborate ribbon interlacing form

29
Q

how tall is the fahan mura slab

A

2.1 m

30
Q

what is on the west side of the fm slab

A

two very simple figures on either side of the main stem

31
Q

cardonagh cross when

A

7th century

32
Q

what is the car cross also known as

A

st patricks cross

33
Q

what is significant about the c cross

A

it is the first cross to be carved into a cruciform shape

34
Q

how tall is the c cross

A

2.5 m tall

35
Q

describe the decoration on the c cross

A

carved on all sides into a cross shape. primitave vigourous outline. strap work (ribbon interlacing) used on top form. (greek cross)

36
Q

what is the c cross dominated by

A

one large figure surrounded by four figures.beneath the upraised arms and either side of the head

37
Q

what is beneath the larger figure

A

a rectangle of three smaller figures standing in side profile

38
Q

how is the triskelle pattern formed on the car cross

A

the shape of six birds, two groups of three have been blended with the strapwork decoration creating a triskele pattern

39
Q

how are the car cross and the fm slab similar

A

similar in many ways; thought that they origniated from the same workshop

40
Q

where and when; cross of Moone

A

co kildare , 7th century

41
Q

form; cross of moone

A

tall, slender, tapering cross - 3 parts -granite -has a narrow ring , missing its capstone

42
Q

what is the muirdach cross

A

one of the largest and best preserved high crosses

43
Q

where does the muirdach cross get its name

A

from the inscription on the base

44
Q

Describe the decoration on the muirdach cross

A

All the carving is executed in bold relief and is quite realistic

45
Q

Describe the arrest of Christ on the muirdach cross

A

Two figures grab Christ. Christs cloak is tied with a pin similar to the Tara Brooch. This denotes the royal status.
there are two cats carved in high relief below

46
Q

Where is the crucifixion scene on the m cross

A

The west facade

47
Q

What occupies the shaft of the muirdach cross

A

scenes from christs life

48
Q

what is on the base of the muirdach cross

A

An inscription in irish that reads; ‘ a prayer for muirdach for whom the cross was made.

49
Q

Who was muirdach thought to be

A

an abbot who died in 922

50
Q

How did the golden age of irish art begin

A

As monastic life flourished in the 8th century, Ireland became the cultural, educational and craft centre of Europe. The monks and craftworkers produced magnificent handwritten manuscripts, chalices, crosses, jewellery and many other articles in gold and silver

51
Q

how did the unique irish design develop

A

Outside influences mixed with Celtic design, and this evolved into a unique Irish style found on all the crafts

52
Q

What was adapted from Celtic design

A

Spirals and pelta shapes

53
Q

how did interlace come to ireland

A

middle eastern origin. probably came to Ireland via the Mediterranean countries and Rome

54
Q

how did animal ornament come to ireland

A

Of Germanic origin, but influence of Anglo- Saxon sources in Northumbria brought it to Ireland

55
Q

what is a manuscript

A

a handwritten handmade book

Art History (5 decks)

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