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Early Childhood Flashcards

0
Q

Cerebellum

A

Structure at the base of the brain involved in balance and motor movement.

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1
Q

Corpus callousness

A

Band of neural fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain

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2
Q

Reticular formation

A

Part of the lower brain, involved in attention

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3
Q

Hippocampus

A

Structure involve in transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory

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4
Q

Infantile amnesia

A

In ability to remember what happened prior the age of 2

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5
Q

Anemia

A

Dietary deficiency of iron that causes problems such as fatigue, irritability, and attention.

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6
Q

Handedness

A

Preference for using either the right or the left hand in gross and fine motor activities

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7
Q

Preoperational stage

A

Cognitive stage from the age 2 to7 During which the child became capable of representing the world symbolically- for example, through the use of language- but is still very limited in ability to use mental operations

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8
Q

Conservation

A

Mental ability to understand that the quantity of a substance or material remains the the same even ifs appearance changes

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9
Q

Centration

A

Piaget’s tema for young children’s thinking as being centered or focused on one noticeable aspect of a cognitive problem to the exclusion of other important aspects

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10
Q

Reversibility

A

Ability to reverse an action mentally

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11
Q

Egocentric

A

Cognitive inability to distinguish between one’s own perspective and another person’s perspective

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12
Q

Animism

A

Tendency to attribute human thoughts and feelings to inanimate object and forces

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13
Q

Classification

A

Ability to understand that objects can be part of more than one cognitive group, for example an object can be classified with red objects as well around objects

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14
Q

Symbolic function substage

A

First substage of the preoperational stage, lasting from about age of 2 to age of 4, when the child first become capable of representational thought and using symbols to represent the world

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15
Q

Intuitive thought substage

A

Second substage of the preoperational stage, lasting from age of 4 to 7, during children begin to understand how one event leads to another event but cannot say why they know what they know

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16
Q

Theory of mind

A

Ability to understand thinking processes in one’s and others

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17
Q

Early intervention program

A

Program directed at young children who are at risk for later problems, intended to prevent problems from developing

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18
Q

Sensitive period

A

In the course of development, a period when the capacity for learning in a specific area is specially pronounced

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19
Q

Grammar

A

Language distinctive system of rules

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20
Q

Pragmatics

A

Social and cultural context of language that guides people as to what is appropriate to say and not to say in given social situation

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21
Q

Emotional self-regulation

A

Ability to exercise control over one’s emotions

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22
Q

Undercontrol

A

Trait of having inadequate emotional control or self-regulation

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23
Q

Externalizing problems

A

Problems that involve others, such as aggression

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24
Over-control
Trait of having excessive emotional self regulation
25
Internalizing problems
Problems that entail turning stress inward , toward the self, such as depression and anxiety
26
Initiative vs guilty
Erikson's lifespan theory, in which the alternative are learning to plan activities in a purposeful way, or being afflicted with excess guilt that undermines initiative
27
Gender constancy
Understanding that maleness and femaleness are biological and cannot be change
28
Gender roles
Cultural expectations for appearance and behavior specific to males or females
29
Gender schema
gender-based cognitive structure for organizing structure for organizing and processing information, comprising expectation for male' and females' appearance and behavior
30
Self-socialization
Process by which people seek to maintain constancy between their gender schemas and their behavior
31
parenting styles
Practices that parents exhibit in relation to their children and their beliefs about those practices
32
Demandingness
Degree to which parents set down rules and expectations for behavior and require their children to comply with them
33
Responsiveness
Degree to which parents are sensitive to their children's needs and express love, warmth, and concern for them
34
Authorities parents
In classification for parenting styles, parents who are high in demandingness and responsiveness
35
Authoritarian parents
In classification of parenting styles, parents who are high in demandingness but low in responsiveness
36
Permissive parents
in classification of parenting styles, parents who are low in demandingness and high in responsiveness
37
Disengage parents
In classification of parenting styles, parents who are low in both demandingness and responsiveness
38
Reciprocal or bidirectional effects
In relations between two persons, the principle that each of them affects the other
39
Filial piety
Belief that children should respect, obey, and revere their parents throughout life; common in asian cultures
40
Familismo
Cultural belief amount Latinos that emphasize the love, closeness, and mutual obligations among family members
41
Time-out
Disciplinary strategy in which the child is required to sit still in a designated place for a brief period
42
Psychological control
Parenting strategy that uses shame and withdraw of love to influence children's behavior
43
Corporal punishment
Physical punishment of children
44
Child maltreatment
Abuse or neglected of children, including physical, emotional, or sexual abuse.
45
Foster care
For maltreatment children, approach in which adults approved by the stage agency take over the care of the child.
46
Peers
Person who shares some aspect of their status in common, such as age
47
Instrumental aggression
when a child wants something and uses aggressive behavior or words to get it
48
Hostile aggression
Type of aggression that entails signs of anger and intent to inflict pain or harm on others
49
Relational aggression
Type of aggression that involves damaging another person's reputation among peers through social exclusion and malicious gossip
50
Band of neural fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain
Corpus callousness
51
Structure at the base of the brain involved in balance and motor movement.
Cerebellum
52
Part of the lower brain, involved in attention
Reticular formation
53
Structure involve in transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory
Hippocampus
54
In ability to remember what happened prior the age of 2
Infantile amnesia
55
Dietary deficiency of iron that causes problems such as fatigue, irritability, and attention.
Anemia
56
Preference for using either the right or the left hand in gross and fine motor activities
Handedness
57
Cognitive stage from the age 2 to7 During which the child became capable of representing the world symbolically- for example, through the use of language- but is still very limited in ability to use mental operations
Preoperational stage
58
Mental ability to understand that the quantity of a substance or material remains the the same even ifs appearance changes
Conservation
59
Piaget's tema for young children's thinking as being centered or focused on one noticeable aspect of a cognitive problem to the exclusion of other important aspects
Centration
60
Ability to reverse an action mentally
Reversibility
61
Cognitive inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and another person's perspective
Egocentric
62
Tendency to attribute human thoughts and feelings to inanimate object and forces
Animism
63
Ability to understand that objects can be part of more than one cognitive group, for example an object can be classified with red objects as well around objects
Classification
64
First substage of the preoperational stage, lasting from about age of 2 to age of 4, when the child first become capable of representational thought and using symbols to represent the world
Symbolic function substage
65
Second substage of the preoperational stage, lasting from age of 4 to 7, during children begin to understand how one event leads to another event but cannot say why they know what they know
Intuitive thought substage
66
Ability to understand thinking processes in one's and others
Theory of mind
67
Program directed at young children who are at risk for later problems, intended to prevent problems from developing
Early intervention program
68
In the course of development, a period when the capacity for learning in a specific area is specially pronounced
Sensitive period
69
Language distinctive system of rules
Grammar
70
Social and cultural context of language that guides people as to what is appropriate to say and not to say in given social situation
Pragmatics
71
Ability to exercise control over one's emotions
Emotional self-regulation
72
Trait of having inadequate emotional control or self-regulation
Undercontrol
73
Problems that involve others, such as aggression
Externalizing problems
74
Trait of having excessive emotional self regulation
Over-control
75
Problems that entail turning stress inward , toward the self, such as depression and anxiety
Internalizing problems
76
Erikson's lifespan theory, in which the alternative are learning to plan activities in a purposeful way, or being afflicted with excess guilt that undermines initiative
Initiative vs guilty
77
Understanding that maleness and femaleness are biological and cannot be change
Gender constancy
78
Cultural expectations for appearance and behavior specific to males or females
Gender roles
79
gender-based cognitive structure for organizing structure for organizing and processing information, comprising expectation for male' and females' appearance and behavior
Gender schema
80
Process by which people seek to maintain constancy between their gender schemas and their behavior
Self-socialization
81
Practices that parents exhibit in relation to their children and their beliefs about those practices
parenting styles
82
Degree to which parents set down rules and expectations for behavior and require their children to comply with them
Demandingness
83
Degree to which parents are sensitive to their children's needs and express love, warmth, and concern for them
Responsiveness
84
In classification for parenting styles, parents who are high in demandingness and responsiveness
Authorities parents
85
In classification of parenting styles, parents who are high in demandingness but low in responsiveness
Authoritarian parents
86
in classification of parenting styles, parents who are low in demandingness and high in responsiveness
Permissive parents
87
In classification of parenting styles, parents who are low in both demandingness and responsiveness
Disengage parents
88
In relations between two persons, the principle that each of them affects the other
Reciprocal or bidirectional effects
89
Belief that children should respect, obey, and revere their parents throughout life; common in asian cultures
Filial piety
90
Cultural belief amount Latinos that emphasize the love, closeness, and mutual obligations among family members
Familismo
91
Disciplinary strategy in which the child is required to sit still in a designated place for a brief period
Time-out
92
Parenting strategy that uses shame and withdraw of love to influence children's behavior
Psychological control
93
Physical punishment of children
Corporal punishment
94
Abuse or neglected of children, including physical, emotional, or sexual abuse.
Child maltreatment
95
For maltreatment children, approach in which adults approved by the stage agency take over the care of the child.
Foster care
96
Person who shares some aspect of their status in common, such as age
Peers
97
when a child wants something and uses aggressive behavior or words to get it
Instrumental aggression
98
Type of aggression that entails signs of anger and intent to inflict pain or harm on others
Hostile aggression
99
Type of aggression that involves damaging another person's reputation among peers through social exclusion and malicious gossip
Relational aggression

Psychology (7 decks)

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