EARLY AMERICAS

Question 1

Slash-and-burn agriculture

Answer 1

A system of cultivation typical of shifting cultivators;

forest floors cleared by fire are then planed.

Question 2

Long count calendar

Answer 2

Mayan system of dating from a fixed date in the past,3114 b.c.e.;
marked the beginning of a great cycle of 5200 years;
allowed precision dating of events in Mayan history.
_ to keep track of the long-term passage of vast tracks of time that individual human lifetimes could not encompass.

Question 3

Anasazi

Answer 3

a member of an ancient North American people of the southwestern US, who flourished between c. 200 BC and AD 1500. The earliest phase of their culture is known as the Basket Maker period

Question 4

Maya

Answer 4

The Maya classical civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization developed by the Maya peoples, and noted for its logosyllabic script—the most sophisticated and highly developed writing system in pre-Columbian Americas—as well as for its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system.

Question 5

Hopewell

Answer 5

Hopewell culture:
A North American mound-building culture;
introduced a new level of scale and complexity;
artisans worked in stone and clay and produced pottery, pipes, luxury items.

Question 6

Toltec

Answer 6

Nomadic people from beyond the northern frontier of the sedentary agricultural area in Mesoamerica;
established capital of Tula following migration into central Mesoamerica plateau.

Question 7

Olmec

Answer 7

The Olmecs were the earliest known major civilization in Mesoamerica;
They lived in the tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico, in the present-day states of Veracruz and Tabasco.

Question 8

Mochica and

Answer 8

state,
Flourished in the Andes north of Chavin culture in the Moche valley;

featured great clay-brick temples;

created military chiefdom supported by extensive irrigated agriculture.

Question 9

Chavin

Answer 9

Chavin culture is an extinct, prehistoric civilization, named for Chavín de Huantar, the principal archaeological site at which its artifacts have been found.

The culture developed in the northern Andean highlands of Peru from 900 BCE to 200 BCE.

It extended its influence to other civilizations along the coast.

Question 10

Mississippian culture

Answer 10

The Mississippian culture was the largest and most complex society that lived in prehistoric Tennessee. Mississippian people lived in and around the state from about 1,000 A.D. to 1,500 A.D. This group is also referred to as the mound builders, because they built many large ceremonial mounds within fortified towns.

Question 11

Aztecs

Answer 11

The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican people of central Mexico in the 14th, 15th and 16th century. They were a civilization with a rich mythology and cultural heritage.

Question 12

Inca

Answer 12

The Inca first appeared in what is today southeastern Peru during the 12th century A.D. According to some versions of their origin myths, they were created by the sun god, Inti, who sent his son Manco Capac to Earth through the middle of three caves in the village of Paccari Tampu

Question 13

Clovis people

Answer 13

The Clovis culture is a prehistoric Native American culture that first appears in the archaeological record of North America around 13,500 years ago, at the end of the last ice age.

Question 14

Cahokia

Answer 14

Cahokia refers to the location where Mississippian culture thrived before European explorers landed in the Americas. From about 700 CE to 1400 CE, this site flourished and was once one of the greatest cities in the world.

Question 15

Teotihuacan

Answer 15

Teotihuacan is an ancient Mesoamerican city located 30 miles (50 km) northeast of modern-day Mexico City

Question 16

Tenochtitlan

Answer 16

Tenochtitlan was a large Mexica city-state in what is now the center of Mexico City.

Question 17

little ice age

Answer 17

Little is known about the society of these early ice age hunters. They probably lived in small groups or bands of 20 to 25 people, following the game in a seasonal pattern. Kinship provided the basis of social organization, and there was little specialization or hierarchy in society. Age and gender were the main determinants of an individual’s roles and contributions to the group.

Question 18

Nazca

Answer 18

The Nazca civilization flourished on the southern coast of Peru between 200 BCE and 600 CE. They settled in the Nazca and other surrounding valleys with their principal religious and urban sites being Cahuachi and Ventilla, respectively. The culture is noted for its distinctive pottery and textiles, and perhaps above all, for the geoglyphs made on the desert floor commonly known as Nazca lines. These can be simple lines, cleared spaces, or animals and figures traced in outline, and, as they cover several kilometers, they are best appreciated from the air.

Question 19

Earliest peopling of the Americas

Раннее заселение Америки

Answer 19

peopling of the Americas took place long before the beginnings of agriculture in the Old World, and that with the disappearance of the Bering land bridge, this population lived in isolation from the rest of humankind