Early America

Question 1

Land Bridge

Answer 1

The theory that Native Americans reached North America by walking across a land bridge made of ice

Question 2

Encomienda System

Answer 2

A formal system of forced labor in spanish colonists in Latin America under this system indigenous americans were forced to pay tribute to colonists with food, cloth, minerals, and laborers

Question 3

Columbian Exchange

Answer 3

Trade between the old world and the new world. Americas got sugar cane, pigs, horses, iron implements, small pox and measles. Europeans got corn, tobacco, potatos, tomatos

Question 4

Conquistadores

Answer 4

Spanish explorers

Question 5

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 5

1494 The agreement between Spain and Portugal dividing the right to colonize all the land outside of Europe

Question 6

Colonists Motives

Answer 6

Colonists wanted political liberty, religious freedom, and economic opportunity

Question 7

Growth of Slavery

Answer 7

Slavery grew in the colonies because the colonists needed workers who were natives to work on the cash crop fields this led to an influx of African slaves because they were already exposed to European diseases making disease less of an issue

Question 8

Bartolome de las Casas

Answer 8

An early spanish historian who was the first to expose the oppression of the indigenous people by Europeans in the Americas and called for the abolition of slavery in the Americas

Question 9

Valladolid Debate

Answer 9

A moral and theological debate held in Valladolid about the conquest of the Americas and the justification of catholicism conversions

Question 10

Juan Ginés de Sepúlved

Answer 10

A humanist lawyer who justified the treatment of natives saying they were “natural slaves” and that spanish presence would benefit them in New World

Question 11

Black Legend

Answer 11

A style of propaganda that criticized the Spanish Empire which accused them of cruelty and intolerance

Question 12

Puritan Beliefs

Answer 12

Puritans believed that God expected them to live according to scriptures and set a good example that would cause those in Europe to change their sinful ways

Question 13

Religious Tolerance

Answer 13

Unlike Europe in the Americas there was religious tolerance hence why people fled to the Americas to flee religious persecution

Question 14

Roger Williams

Answer 14

Went from England to Boston to Rhode Island.
he founded the community of Providence (part of Rhode Island). Started one of the first baptist churches.

Question 15

Jonathan Edwards

Answer 15

A congregationalist pastor in one of the most significant churches in New England and remained an influential philosophical theologian

Question 16

George Whitefield

Answer 16

He ignited the first Great Awakening, a major religious revival that changed the way people experienced and viewed God

Question 17

Colonial Government

Answer 17

Colonial legislature was elected by property holding men while governors were appointed by the kind and had almost complete authority

Question 18

Jamestown

Answer 18

Economic empire most grew tobacco (in Virginia)

Question 19

Plymouth

Answer 19

Used for agriculture, fishing, and trading (Southeast of Boston)

Question 20

Indentured Servants

Answer 20

A form of labor where an individual is contracted to work without a salary to repay an indentured loan within a certain timeframe (many people worked as indentured servants to work off having their passage to America paid for)

Question 21

Navigation Laws

Answer 21

Acts of Parliament intended to promote self-sufficiency of the British Empire by restricting colonial export to England decreasing the colonies dependence on foreign imported goods

Question 22

Mercantilism

Answer 22

A form of economic nationalism that is used to increase the prosperity and power of a nation through restricting trade practices

Question 23

Headright System

Answer 23

A legal grant of land that is given to settlers during the period of European colonization

Question 24

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 24

The first uprising in the American colonies (it happened in Virginia because Bacon wanted to remove all the natives from the colony)

Question 25

Mayflower Compact

Answer 25

An agreement created by the Mayflower passengers that bound the signers to obey the government and legal system established in the Plymouth Colony

Question 26

Great Awakening

Answer 26

A period when spirituality and religious devotion was revived in the American colonies from the 1730s-1770s

Question 27

Salem Witch Trials

Answer 27

Over 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft in Salem Massachusetts

Question 28

House of Burgesses

Answer 28

The first democratically elected legislative body in the British American colonies

Question 29

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Answer 29

Stated that the powers and limits of government and the Fundamental Orders was officially formed under the guidance of God unlike the Constitution of today

Question 30

John Peter Zenger Trial

Answer 30

John Peter Zenger was on trial for libel but after the defense by Andrew Hamilton the jury acquitted Zenger