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OT 103 > Early Adulthood - Introduction & Physical Development > Flashcards

Early Adulthood - Introduction & Physical Development Flashcards

1
Q

Age range of Early Adulthood as a whole:

A

18 to 40 years

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2
Q

In early adulthood, it is the stage where individual transition from adolescence to adulthood

A

Emerging Adult; 18-25 years old

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3
Q

_____ & _____ characterize emerging adults

A

Experimentation & exploration

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4
Q

5 key characteristics in emerging adulthood:

A
  1. Feeling in-between (do not consider themselves as adolescents or adults)
  2. Instability in love, work & education
  3. Identity exploration
  4. Develop self-focus & autonomy
  5. Open to possibilities & opportunities
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5
Q
  • Important aspect of emerging adulthood
  • Ability to change their life in a positive direction following a troubled adolescence despite difficulties
A

Resilience

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6
Q

Physical Performance and Development in Early Adulthood:

A
  • Reach peak levels of physical performance, between age 19 and 26 (before age 30)
  • Muscle tone and strength begin to decline around age 30
  • Sagging chins & protruding abdomens begin to appear for the first time
  • Common complaint among just turned 30s = lessening of physical abilities; begin to decline
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7
Q

Health in Early Adulthood

A
  • Higher death rate than adolescents; twice mortality rate of adolescents
  • Fewer chronic health problems
  • Fewer colds & respiratory problems
  • Bad health habits that were engaged during adolescence increase in emerging adulthood
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8
Q

How can young adults improve their health profile?

A
  • Reducing the incidence of certain health-impairing lifestyles
  • Engaging in health-improving lifestyles
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9
Q
  • A chronic complex disease defined by excessive fat deposits that can impair health
  • Increased risk for: hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease
  • Associated with mental health problems
A

Obesity

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10
Q

Obesity can be caused by:

A
  • Heredity - Some inherit a tendency to be overweight
  • Leptin - Consumption of the protein involved in satiety and released by fat cells
  • Environmental factors - low income, greater availability of food, greater reliance on energy-saving devices, declining physical activity
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11
Q
  • The weight maintained when you make no effort to gain/lose weight
  • When filled, you do not get hungry
A

Set point

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12
Q
  • An obsession of Americans
  • Some do lose weight and maintain it
A

Dieting

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13
Q

Effects of Regular Exercise:

A
  • Prevent chronic disorders like heart disease and diabetes
  • Improves self-concept
  • Reduce anxiety and depression
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14
Q
  • Sustained exercise like jogging, swimming, cycling
  • Stimulates heart and lung activity
A

Aerobic exercise

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15
Q

Behavior pattern characterized by an overwhelming involvement with a drug and a preoccupation with securing its supply

A

Addiction

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16
Q

Behavior under Alcohol Abuse

  • Increases in college; Peaks at 21 to 22 years old
  • Extreme when individuals have 10 or more drinks in a row
  • Effects include: absence from classes, physical injuries, trouble with police, unprotected sex
A

Binge Drinking

17
Q

Behavior under Alcohol Abuse

  • Becomes common among students, drinking alcohol before going out
A

Pregaming

18
Q

Behavior under Alcohol Abuse

  • Disorder that involves longterm, repeated, uncontrolled, compulsive, and excessive use of alcoholic beverages
  • Impairs the drinker’s health and social relationships
A

Alcoholism

19
Q

Age when alcohol & drug use are reduced

A

By mid-20s

20
Q

Problems involved with Smoking:

A
  • Linked to 30% cancer deaths, 21% heart disease deaths, 82% chronic pulmonary disease deaths
  • Secondhand smoke – 9,000 lung cancer deaths yearly
  • Children of smokers are at special risk for respiratory and middle-ear diseases
21
Q
  • Stimulant drug
  • Stimulates neurotransmitters (especially dopamine) that have calming or pain-reducing effect
A

Nicotine

22
Q

Sexual Activity in Emerging Adulthood:

A
  • 60% of individuals experience sexual intercourse
  • Emerging adults – likely to have had sex with 2 or more individuals
  • Most individuals are sexually active and unmarried
  • Casual sex is more common
  • As they get older = have sex less frequently
23
Q

Sexual Activity of Males vs Females:

A

MALES

  • have more casual sex partners
  • think about sex more often than women

FEMALES

  • more selective
  • Women are likely to change their sexual patterns and desires
24
Q
  • It is an enduring personal pattern of romantic attraction or sexual attraction to persons of either the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender, or to both sexes or more than one gender
  • It is determined by a combination of genetic, hormonal, cognitive, and environmental factors
A

Sexual Preference / Sexual Orientation

25
Q

Negative Aspects of Sexuality:

A
  • Adolescent pregnancies
  • Sexually transmitted infections
  • Rape
26
Q
  • infections or conditions that you can get from any kind of sexual activity involving your mouth, anus, vagina or penis
  • Diseases primarily spread through sexual contact
A

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

27
Q

Categories of STIs:

A
  1. Bacterial infections: caused by a bacterial organism, and the active infection can be cured
  • Gonorrhea
  • Syphilis
  • Chlamydia
  1. Viral infections: caused by a virus and cannot be cured
  • Genital herpes
  • Genital warts
  • HIV, which leads to AIDS
28
Q

What is Gonorrhea?

A
  • Bacterial
  • Aka drip or clap
  • Spread by contact between infected moist membranes (genital, oral-genital, anal-genital)
  • Caused by bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Characterized by discharge from penis/vagina, and painful urination
  • Leads to infertility
  • Can be treated with penicilin
29
Q

What is Syphilis?

A
  • Bacterial
  • Caused by bacterium Treponema pallidum
  • Characterized by the appearance of a sore area, where syphilis entered the body and rashes
  • Located at external genitals, vagina, or anus
  • Leads to paralysis or death
  • Penicillin treatment
30
Q

What is Chlamydia?

A
  • Bacterial
  • Caused by bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Spreads by sexual contact and infects genital organs of both sexes
  • Females can become infertile
  • Antibiotic treatment
31
Q

What is Genital Herpes?

A
  • Viral
  • Caused by family of viruses with different strains
  • Involves eruption of sores and blisters
  • Spread by sexual contact
  • Treatment: no known cure, but antiviral medications shorten its outbreak
32
Q

What is AIDS?

A
  • Viral
  • Caused by virus, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
  • Destroys the body’s immune system
  • Main vehicles of transmission: semen, blood
  • Symptoms: fevers, night sweats, weight loss, chronic fatigue, swollen lymph nodes
  • Treatment: no known cure, but new treatments have slowed the progression from HIV to AIDS
33
Q

What is Genital Warts?

A
  • Caused by human papillomavirus (HPV)
  • Appear small, hard painless bumps in the vaginal area or around the anus
  • Very contagious
  • Can cause cervical cancer, and other genital cancers
  • May recur despite treatments
  • Treatment: topical drug, freezing, or surgery; Vaccine: Gardasil (9 to 26 years of age; girls and women)
34
Q
  • Forcible sexual intercourse with a person who does not give consent
  • More likely to occur when the offender was using substances
A

Rape

35
Q

Coercive sexual activity directed at someone with whom the perpetrator is at least casually acquainted with

A

Date / Acquaintance Rape

36
Q
  • Manifestation of power of one to another
  • May be Inappropriate sexual remarks, physical contact , blatant propositions and sexual assaults
  • Results to psychological consequences for the victim
A

Sexual Harassment

OT 103 (7 decks)

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