Early Adulthood - Cognitive Development

Question 1

Cognitive Development of Young Adults according to Piaget’s View:

Answer 1

• Have progressed from the formal operation thought stage
• More systematic & sophisticated; logical & abstract
• Think more qualitatively and quantitatively advanced
• Have more knowledge than adolescents

Question 2

• Proposed fifth stage of Piaget’s theory
• Involves making decisions based on situational constraints and circumstances, and integrating emotion with logic to form context-dependent principles
• Involves being Provisional: Become *more skeptical about the truth and seem unwilling to accept an answer as final*

Answer 2

Postformal Thought

Reflective, relativistic, contextual, pragmatic, emotional

Question 3

Changes in Career and Work for Young Adults throughout ages & years:

Answer 3

• Early and mid-20s → individuals have completed their education or training and staring to enter a full-time occupation
• Mid-20s through early adulthood → individuals seek to establish their emerging career in a particular field. Work hard to improve their financial standing

Question 4

Ingrained cultural belief that engaging in hard work for long hours thru adulthood will lead to status, security, and happiness

Answer 4

Career Mystique

Question 5

Greatest number of jobs in the next decade:

Answer 5

• Service industries
• Professional & business services
• Education

Question 6

High-paying jobs require a _____

Answer 6

College degree

Question 7

The Impact of Work:

Answer 7

• Work defines people in fundamental ways:

Influence their financial standing, housing, the way they spend their time, where they live, their friendships, their health

• Work creates a structure and rhythm to life
• Periods of no work = experience emotional distress & low self-esteem

Question 8

Work during College:

Answer 8

Working helps offset some cost of schooling, but it also restricts students’ opportunities to learn

Question 9

Why does Unemployment occur?

Answer 9

Generally resulted by:

• Economic problems
• Dramatic increase in technology
• availability of cheaper labor

Individually resulted by:

physical problems (heart attack and stroke), mental problems (anxiety and depression), marital difficulties, homicide

Question 10

Unemployment results in:

Answer 10

• Stress, regardless of nature of job loss
• Loss of income; financial hardships

Question 11

Providing emotional support for unemployed people can be done by:

Answer 11

• job counseling,
• self-help groups,
• practical advice on job opportunities

Question 12

For Dual-Earner Couples, responsibility for work and family changed in 3 ways:

Answer 12

Relate to defying familial gender roles

• Women are taking increased responsibility for breadwinning
• Husbands take increased responsibility for maintaining the home
• Men show greater interest in family and parenting

Question 13

What does increasing diversity in the workplace require?

Answer 13

Requires a:

• Sensitivity to cultural differences and
• An appreciation of the cultural values workers bring to a job

Question 14

What happens to attention in adulthood?

Answer 14

Attentional skills are often excellent in early adulthood and, of course, the discussion of divided attention and multitasking applies to many adults as well as adolescents.

Question 15

Retention of information about the where and when of life’s happenings

Answer 15

Episodic memory

Question 16

A robust finding in autobiographical memory is called the _____, in which adults remember more events from the second and third decades of their lives than from other decades

Answer 16

Reminiscence bump

these memories were more distinct and more important for identity development

Question 17

A person’s knowledge about the world, including fields of expertise, general academic knowledge, and “everyday knowledge” about meanings of words, names of famous individuals, important places, and common things.

Answer 17

Semantic memory