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PSY-160 > Early Adulthood > Flashcards

Early Adulthood Flashcards

1
Q

What is ‘Emerging Adulthood’ and when does it occur?

A

A time for Exploration, Instability, Self
focus, Liminality, Possibility. (18-29 yrs old)

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2
Q

What is ‘Established Adulthood’ and when does it occur?

A

A time of Career development, intimate
relationships, childrearing (30-45 yrs old)

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3
Q

What is the age range for early adulthood?

A

18-45 yrs old

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4
Q

True or False?
“Mental health disorders often have an onset in adolescence”

A

True

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5
Q

Emerging adulthood is not a universal experience. What factors make emerging adulthood more common?

A

“WEIRD”
*Western
*Educated
*Industrialized
*Rich
*Democratic

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6
Q

What seems to be the most important factor in Emerging Adulthood occuring?

A

Economically developed

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7
Q

Are most aspects of physical maturation complete by the time Early Adulthood is reached?

A

Yes. Sí. Oui. Ja. Sì.

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8
Q

What is the age range of peak physiological development?

A

19-26 yrs old

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9
Q

What physical changes occur during early adulthood?

A

§ Lens of the eye begins to thicken/changes in vision
§ Sensitivity to sound decreases (rate for men is 2x the rate of women)
§ Muscle tone begins to decline (~age 30)
§ Hair begins thinning and going gray around age 35
§ Skin becomes drier, wrinkles begin to appear
§ Declines in response time or ability to recover from physical exertion
§ Immune system becomes less adept in fighting off illness

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10
Q

What is the leading cause of death during early adulthood?

A

Unintentional death.

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11
Q

What is Early adulthood’s mortality rate compared from Males to Females?

A

Mortality rate for males is nearly 3x higher than Females. Males: 137 vs Females: 49.3

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12
Q

When does prefrontal cortex finish developing?

A

Early 20s

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13
Q

What are the types of risks people in early adulthood take?

A
  • Positive risks: beneficial to one’s development, often socially acceptable
  • Negative risks: maladaptive to one’s
    development, often antisocial and/or socially
    unacceptable fighting, or stealing
  • Negative health risks: risks that are associated
    with one’s heath
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of the ‘Postformal Thought’ stage?

A

The basing of decisions on what is realistic & practical rather than idealistic:
§ Thinking is more practical, more flexible, and can hold contradictions
§ Dialectical thinking
§ Contextualism
§ Reflective Judgment

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15
Q

Does everyone reach Postformal Thought? Why?

A

No, outside influences such as higher education play a role in the Postformal Thought stage being reached

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16
Q

True or False?
The effect of college on cognition are half of what they were 20 years ago.

A

True

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17
Q

In the first two years of college, what percentage of students showed no
advancements in cognition?

A

45%

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18
Q

What do college students and professors aim to do at university?

A

Professors aim to engage critical thinking and analyses
Many students aim to get their degree and start working ASAP

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19
Q

What is Flow Theory?

A

The theory that people are most fulfilled when engaged in activity that is appropriately challenging & engaging

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20
Q

When do the majority of “Flow Experiences” occur?

A

While working

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21
Q

What are characteristics of “Flow Experiences”?

A

§Increased feelings of productivity, creativity, positive emotions,
motivation
§Enhanced performance, learning, relationships, personal growth
§Reduced anxiety

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22
Q

What are traits for a High and Low score in the trait: Openness?

A

LOW: dislikes change and abstract concepts; more practical
HIGH: Creative, sensitive, active imagination

23
Q

What are traits for a High and Low score in the trait: Conscientiousness?

A

LOW: Impulsive, disorganized, prone to procrastinate
HIGH: Like to plan meticulously, dependable

24
Q

What are traits for a High and Low score in the trait: Extraversion?

A

LOW: Dislike social gatherings and small talk, reserved
HIGH: Outgoing, assertive, adventurous, likes to socialize

25
Q

What are traits for a High and Low score in the trait: Agreeableness?

A

LOW: come off as hostile, suspicious and even manipulative
HIGH: Empathetic, caring, trusting

26
Q

What are traits for a High and Low score in the trait: Neuroticism?

A

LOW: Calm, even tempered, relaxed
HIGH: Can have dramatic mood swings, get easily upset or anxious

27
Q

True or False? Personality traits are perfect at predicting behaviors.

A

False

28
Q

True or False?
About 10% of the variance in ppl’s behavior can be explained by personality
traits.

A

True

29
Q

Generally, do we see major changes in Extraversion or Openness across young adulthood?

A

No (but some people’s Openess increases during college years [18-22])

30
Q

Which of the Big 5 personality traits increase during early adulthood? Why?

A

Conscientiousness and Agreeableness likely due to engagement with adult roles such as marriage, workforce, etc.

31
Q

What is a benefit of high conscientiousness?

A

Higher likelihood of
better academic performance

32
Q

What are some consequences of high neuroticism?

A

An increased risk of
divorce, depression, and more economic costs (from health services and productivity losses)

33
Q

Someone who scores low in conscientiousness and extraversion has an increased risk of what?

A

Increased risk of poor physical health and lower life expectancy

34
Q

Someone who scores high in extraversion and low in neuroticism will likely have what?

A

A greater subjective wellbeing

35
Q

Someone who scores low in agreeableness and extraversion has a increased likelihood of what?

A

A greater likelihood of strained relationships and peer rejection

36
Q

What stage of Erikson’s theory are people experiencing during early adulthood? Age Range?

A

Intimacy VS Isolation (21-39 yrs old)

37
Q

How do infant attachment styles relate to adults navigating relationships?

A

Infant attachment styles have implications for how early experiences affect romantic relationships as
adults

38
Q

Fill in the blank.
Hazan & Shaver (1987) based [BLANK] on Ainsworth’s
model

A

3 adult
attachment categories

39
Q

What are the characteristics of a dismissive avoidant attachment style?

A
  • Tends to believe that they don’t have to be
    in a relationship to feel complete
  • Do not want to depend on others, have
    others depend on them, or seek support
    and approval in social bonds
  • Generally avoid emotional closeness
    and/or tend to hide or suppress their
    feelings and/or
    emotions
40
Q

What are the characteristics of a anxious attachment style?

A
  • The anxious adult often seeks approval,
    support, and responsiveness from their
    partner
  • People value their
    relationships highly,
    but are often anxious
    and worried that their
    loved one is not as
    invested in the
    relationship as they
    are
41
Q

What are the characteristics of a secure attachment style?

A
  • Can depend on partners & let their partners rely on them
  • Relationships based on honesty, tolerance, and emotional closeness
  • Tend to have a positive
    view of themselves and others
42
Q

What are the characteristics of a fearful avoidant or disorganized attachment style?

A
  • Want intimacy and closeness, but also
    experience trouble trusting and
    depending on others
  • Do not regulate emotions well and
    avoid strong emotional attachment,
    due to their fear of getting hurt
43
Q

Can people change their attachment style?

A

Yes through healthy friendships & relationships, psychotherapy people can move towards a secure attachment style

44
Q

True or False?
Young adults with more secure relationships with
parents tend to have more easy transition to adulthood than those with insecure relationships.

A

True

45
Q

What is a consequence of insecure and avoidant attachment styles in a relationship?

A

Insecure attachments offer lower relationship satisfaction
Avoidant attachments offer less support to partners

46
Q

What are some influences on attraction?

A

§ Physical attractiveness
§ Similarity
§ Proximity
§ Familiarity
§ Reciprocity
§ Intimacy
§ Hard-to-get effect

47
Q

What is the Halo Effect?

A

We often perceive someone positively based on their other
positive qualities such as beauty

48
Q

What is the Matching Hypothesis?

A

The theory that we date
others who are similar to us in terms of how socially desirable
they are

49
Q

How does proximity relate to attraction?

A

The closer people live to one another, the more likely & frequently they are to interact creating a mere exposure effect

50
Q

What is the Mere Exposure effect?

A

The more frequent exposure to a stimulus, the greater our liking of it will be

51
Q

How does reciprocity relate to attraction?

A

We prefer & like people who make us feel rewarded and appreciated and in the spirit of reciprocation

52
Q

What is one way (discussed in lecture) that intimacy can develop?

A

Self-disclosure

53
Q

What are the 3 different types of self disclosure?

A

§ Safe = emotionally laden, vulnerability
§ Unsafe disclosures = paint the storyteller as a victim without conveying any real or concrete feelings
§ Overdisclosure = oversharing of information, can cause
suspicion & reduced attraction

PSY-160 (4 decks)

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