Ear, nose and throat

Question 1

What does BPPV stand for?

Answer 1

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Question 2

Define BPPV

Answer 2

A vertigo sensation lasting seconds to minutes that is triggered by change of head position

Question 3

What is the aetiology of BPPV

Answer 3

Displacement of otoliths in the semicircular canals

Question 4

What investigation is done for BPPV?

Answer 4

Hallpike test

Question 5

Define menieres disease (3 factors)

Answer 5

Recurrent episodes of:

1. Tinnitus
2. Paroxysmal vertigo
3. Unilateral fluctuating hearing loss

Question 6

What is the aetiology of menieres disease

Answer 6

Disturbed endolymph homeostasis

Question 7

Recall the symptoms of meniere’s disease

Answer 7

Vertigo
Tinnitus
Hearing loss
Nausea
Headaches

Question 8

What makes up the lining of a thyroglossal cyst?

Answer 8

Epithelium

Question 9

What is the mean age of presentation of a thyroglossal cyst?

Answer 9

5

Question 10

Describe the symptoms of a thyroglossal cyst

Answer 10

Smooth lump

Doesn’t usually cause any other symptoms but may become tender if there is infection

Question 11

Recall an important sign to elicit to diagnose thyroglossal cyst

Answer 11

It will move upwards on tongue protrusion

Question 12

Recall 3 important differentials in suspected thyroglossal cyst

Answer 12

Ectopic thyroid tissue
Dermoid cyst
Lymph node

Question 13

What is the most common pathogen implicated in bacterial tonsilitis?

Answer 13

Group A streptococcus