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Year 3 ICSM DC > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is “rodent ulcer” another name for?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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2
Q

What are the 2 risk factors to remember for basal cell carcinoma?

A

Sun exposure

Gorlin’s syndrome

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3
Q

Where do basal cell carcinomas tend to present?

A

Face, scalp, ears + trunk

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of basal cell carcinoma and which of these is most common?

A

Nodular-ulcerative (most common)
Morphoeic
Superficial

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5
Q

How do nodular-ulcerative BCCs appear?

A

Translucent
Pearly edges
Telagiectasia

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6
Q

Describe the appearance of morphoeic BCCs

A

Reddish, small, may have telangiectasia, often near nose

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7
Q

Describe the appearance of superficial BCCs

A

pink/brown scaly plaque

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8
Q

Define contact dermatitis

A

Inflammatory skin disease
Allergic or irritant stimulus
Stimulus is external

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9
Q

Where does contact dermatitis usually present?

A

Hands

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10
Q

Recall the appearance of a contact dermatitis rash

A

Redness

Vesicles/papules

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11
Q

Define eczema (exactly)

A

A pruritic papulovesicular skin reaction to endogenous or exogenous agents

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12
Q

Recall 3 signs of acute eczema

A

Excoriation
Papules
Vesicles

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13
Q

Recall 3 signs of chronic eczema

A

Lichenification
Thickened epidermis
Fissures

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14
Q

Differentiate atopic and seborrhoeic eczema

A

Atopic: erythematous; face and flexures
Seborrhoeic: Yellow and greasy; eyebrows and scalp

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15
Q

What investigation should be done in suspected atopic eczema?

A

IgE levels

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16
Q

Define erythema multiforme

A

Acute hypersensitivity reaction of skin and mucous membranes

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17
Q

What is a severe form of erythema multiforme known as?

A

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

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18
Q

Recall the aetiology of erythema multiforme

A

Degeneration of basal epidermis –> vesicles form between basal epidermal cells –> lymphocyte infiltration

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19
Q

What is the cause of erythema multiforme?

A

50% of the time there is a precipitating factor

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20
Q

Recall 3 symptoms of erythema multiforme (quite unusual!)

A
  1. May have prodromal URTI
  2. Lesions appear suddenly and itch
  3. When lesions fade they may leave an area of hyperpigmentation
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21
Q

Describe the appearance of skin lesions in erythema multiforme

A

Like targets, symmetrical

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22
Q

Where is the most common site of erythema multiforme skin lesions?

A

Limbs

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23
Q

Define erythema nodosum

A

Panniculitis leading to red or violet subcutaneous nodules

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24
Q

What is panniculitis?

A

Inflammation of subcutaneous fat

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25
In what demographic is erythema nodosum most common?
Young females
26
Recall the symptoms of erythema nodosum
``` *Tender erythematous papular rash on shins* Fatigue Anorexia and weight loss Fever Arthralgia ```
27
What pathogen is most commonly implicated in erythema nodosum?
Streptococcus
28
Which serum marker is particularly elevated in sarcoidosis?
ACE
29
Which systemic disease is particularly associated with erythema nodosum?
Sarcoidosis
30
Define lipoma
Benign adipose tumour
31
What would make a lipoma painful?
If it compresses a nerve
32
Describe the appearance of a lipoma
Smooth surface, skin colour
33
Define melanoma
Neoplastic transformation of melanocytes
34
What percentage of melanomas arise from pre-existing naevi?
50%
35
Recall the mnemonic for and the 4 histopathological subtypes of melanoma
``` Some Skin Nodules Look Malignant And Looming Superficial spreading Nodular Lentigo maligna Acral lentiginous ```
36
Which type of melanoma always arises from an existing naevus?
Superficial spreading
37
Describe the onset of nodular melanoma
Di novo appearance that grows aggressively | There is no radial growth phase
38
Describe the appearance of lentigo maligna
Usually on the face | Large and flat
39
Where do acral lentiginous melanomas arise?
Palms and soles
40
What mnemonic is used to assess any skin lesion?
``` ABCDE Asymmetry Border irregularity Colour Diameter (>6mm) Elevation ```
41
Define molluscum contagiosum
Infection of a pox virus that mainly affects children
42
Describe the epidemiology of molluscum contagiosum
So common most people won't even seek medical attention
43
What are the symptoms of molluscum contagiosum?
Usually asymptomatic aside from skin lesions | There may be pruritis/eczema around lesions
44
How long do skin lesions usually last in molluscum contagiosum?
8 months
45
Desrcibe the appearance of molluscum contagiosum lesions
Firm, smooth papules of 2-5mm diameter
46
Where is the most common site of molluscum contagiosum in children and in adults?
Children: trunk and extremities Adults: genitalia and inner thighs
47
What score is used to determine risk of pressure sores?
Waterlow Score
48
What is the cause of guttate psoriasis?
Strep throat
49
What are the main risk factors for palmoplantar psoriasis?
Smoking Middle-aged Female
50
Describe the appearance of discoid psoriasis
Symmetrical, erythematous plaques on extensor surfaces
51
Describe the appearance of guttate psoriasis
Tear-drop appearance
52
Describe the appearance of palmoplantar psoriasis
Erythematous and pustular
53
Recall the different types of psoriasis
Discoid Guttate Palmoplantar Generalised pustular
54
Other than skin lesions, what other symptoms present in psoriasis?
Nail signs: pitting, oncholysis and subungual keratosis | Psoriatic arthritis
55
What is a sebaceous cyst?
Blocked hair follicle
56
Describe the appearance of a sebaceous cyst
Smooth, tethered lump
57
Recall 2 possible complications of sebaceous cysts
Abscess | Ulceration
58
Define squamous cell carcinoma
Malignancy of epidermal keratinocytes
59
Recall 2 unusual risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma
HPV infection | Xeroderma pigemntosa
60
Recall the relative prevalence of squamous cell carcinoma in males and females
It's 3 x more common in men
61
Describe the appearance of a squamous cell carcinoma
Very variable appearance | May bleed or ulcerate
62
Recall the pathophysiology of urticaria
Mast cell activation Histamine release Capillary leakage Erythema
63
Describe the appearance of urticaria
Central itchy white papule with surrounding erythematous flare

Year 3 ICSM DC (17 decks)

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